1. 5 Themes of Geography
Equator
How does geographic questioning help you make sense of a subject as large as Earth and its people?

2. 6.4B Identify and explain the geographic factors responsible for patterns of population in places and regions. 6.3B Pose and answer questions about geographic distributions and patterns for various world regions and countries shown on maps, graphs, charts, models, and databases.

3. Themes of Geography Movement Place Region Location Human-Environment
Interaction
Region

4. Location where something is found on Earth.
Relative Location: describes where a place is compared to another place. This approach uses the cardinal directions on a compass rose – north, south, east, and west. Relative location can also tell us about the characteristics of a place.
For example, knowing that Galveston is on the natural harbor of a bay along the Gulf of Mexico helps us understand why the city became an important trading post.

5. Absolute Location
The exact location of something. Geographers identify the absolute location of places using a system of imaginary lines called latitude and longitude. Those lines form a grid for locating a place precisely.

6. Latitude
North Pole
Tropic of Cancer
Run east to west, but they measure distance on Earth in a north-south direction. Note: the equator, north pole and south pole, tropic of cancer, tropic of Capricorn, and is measured in degrees.
Equator
Tropic of Capricorn
South Pole

7. Prime Meridian
Longitude
Run from north to south, but they measure distance on Earth in an east to west direction. Note: The national dateline is called the Prime Meridian.

8. Absolute Location
Is shown in latitude and longitude. Latitude is shown first. Longitude is shown second. For example: Washington, DC 38 degrees N, 77 degrees S

9. Place The features that help define a place can be physical or human.
Houston “Space City” because of Mission Control.
El Paso “Sun City” because we get 302 sunny days a year.

10. Region
Places that are close to one another and share some characteristics belong to the same region.

11. Southern California
Los Angeles San Diego Both by the ocean. Both have temperate climates.

12. West Texas
El Paso Midland Odessa All in the western part of Texas. Climate dry, arid, and windy.

13. Islamic Region
North Africa Similar cultural and religious beliefs.

14. Bible Belt
Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia Bible Belt – strong Christian belief system.

15. Regions
Geographers study regions so they can identify broad patterns of larger areas. They can compare and contrast the features in one region with those in another. They also examine the special features that make each place in a region from the others.

16. Human-Environment Interaction
People affect the environment
Blast tunnels through mountains to build roadways.
Drain swamps to make farmland can helpful to humans and bad for the environments.
Exhaust from roadways can pollute the air.
Turning swamps into farms destroy natural ecosystems and reduces biodiversity.

17. Examples of Human Interaction
Flat, rich, well-watered soil is good for farming.
Mountains full of coal can be mined
Hazards include floods, droughts, earthquakes, tornadoes, volcanic eruptions, swamps, hurricanes.

18. Landforms The shape and nature of the land. Hills Mountains Valleys
Presence or Absence of water
Rivers
Lakes
Oceans

19. Weather and Climate
Climate – the average weather in a place over a long period of time.
Alaska – long, cold, wet winters, short, mild, summers
Hawaii – warm year round

20. Resources
Materials that can be used to produce crops or other products. Forests – trees can be used to build homes and furniture. Oil – a source of energy.

21. Movement
Geographers also look at how people, products, ideas, and information move from one place to another.
Reasons for moving:
New job
War
Famine
Religious or racial prejudice

22. Movement of Large Groups
The sudden movement of large groups of people can have important effects.
Lack of housing
Lack of jobs
Shortages of food or water

23. Transportation Services
Transportation services help move items around the world leading to a global economy.
Washington Apples – Texas
Thailand Clothes – American Malls
Saudi Arabian Oil – American Gasoline
Railroads, ships, airplanes, and trucks are used to move things.

24. Ideas Move Even Faster
Ideas move even faster than people, goods, or services.
Telephone
Radio
Internet
Television
Examples, people on the Islands of Borneo watch American TV.

25. Question: (Exit Ticket)
Answer this question in a complete sentence in your ISN. How do the geographic themes of location and place relate to each other?