1. Chapter 10 Lesson 10.2 Cerebrum Cerebellum Thalamus Hypothalamus Pons
Medulla oblongata
Journal question: What are some neurological disorders that you are familiar with?

2. Chapter Goals
Name, locate, and describe major organs of the nervous system and their functions.
Learn nervous system combining forms and use them with suffixes and prefixes.
Define pathological conditions affecting the nervous system. 2

3. The Brain (cont’d)
The brain is divided into right and left hemispheres.
The brain consists of four major lobes, including the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe.
What are the parts of the left cerebral hemisphere as shown in the diagram?
What primary functions are carried out by the different lobes of the brain?

4. The Brain (cont’d) Cerebrum Is the largest section of brain
Surface nerve cells called cerebral cortex
Manages speech, vision, smell, movement, hearing, and thought
What is the purpose of the cerebral cortex?
How many major divisions can be applied to the entire cerebral cortex?

5. The Brain (cont’d) Cerebellum Thalamus Coordinates voluntary movements
Maintains balance
Thalamus
Integrates and monitors impulses from skin (pain)
What is the value of the ability to sense pain?

6. The Brain (cont’d) Hypothalamus
Controls body temperature, sleep, appetite, sexual desire, and emotions
Regulates release of hormones from pituitary gland
Monitors sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
How do messages travel from one side of the brain to another?

7. The Brain (cont’d) The Brainstem Pons
Bridges cerebrum and cerebellum with rest of the brain
Houses nerves for face and eyes

8. The Brain (cont’d) The Brainstem Medulla oblongata
Connects spinal cord to brain
Nerve tracts from side to side
Regulates:
Blood vessels
Heart
Respiratory system
How does the word “crossover” apply to a function of the medulla oblongata?

9. The Spinal Cord and Meninges
The spinal cord is the column of nervous tissue from the medulla oblongata to second lumbar vertebra.
It serves as a pathway for impulses to and from the brain.
The inner section of the cross section of the spinal cord is gray matter.
The outer section of the cross section of the spinal cord is white matter.
What is the difference between efferent and afferent neurons?

10. The Spinal Cord and Meninges (cont’d)
Meninges are the three layers of connective tissue membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord.
What is the function of the outer dura mater? (It channels blood to brain tissue.)
What fluid lies between the arachnoid membrane and the subarachnoid space?
The inner pia mater offers a rich supply of blood vessels.
Where are the layers of the meninges in the figure?

11. Vocabulary acetylcholine afferent nerve arachnoid membrane astrocyte
autonomic nervous system

12. Vocabulary (cont’d) axon blood-brain barrier brainstem cauda equina
cell body

13. Vocabulary (cont’d) central nervous system cerebellum cerebral cortex
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
cerebrum

14. Vocabulary (cont’d) dendrite dura mater ependymal cell efferent nerve
ganglion/ganglia
glial cell or neuroglial cell
gyrus

15. Vocabulary (cont’d) hypothalamus medulla oblongata meninges
microglial cell
motor nerve
myelin sheath

16. Vocabulary (cont’d) nerve neuron neurotransmitter
oligodendroglial cell
parasympathetic nerves
parenchyma
peripheral nervous system

17. Vocabulary (cont’d) pia mater plexus pons receptor sciatic nerve
sensory nerve
spinal nerves

18. Vocabulary (cont’d) stimulus/stimuli stroma sulcus sympathetic nerves
synapse
thalamus
vagus nerve
ventricles of the brain

19. QUICK QUIZ:
1. A sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded fold on the surface of the cerebellum
A. microglial
B. gyrus
C. parenchyma
D. stroma
Correct answer is B: gyrus

20. QUICK QUIZ:
1. A sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded fold on the surface of the cerebellum
A. microglial
B. gyrus
C. parenchyma
D. stroma
Correct answer is B: gyrus

21. QUICK QUIZ: (cont’d)
2. The thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges
A. pia mater
B. dura mater
C. parenchyma
D. stroma
Correct answer is A: pia mater

22. QUICK QUIZ: (cont’d)
2. The thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges
A. pia mater
B. dura mater
C. parenchyma
D. stroma
Correct answer is A: pia mater

23. Terminology cerebell/o cerebellum cerebr/o cerebrum dur/o dura mater
ORGANS AND STRUCTURES
cerebell/o cerebellum
cerebr/o cerebrum
dur/o dura mater
encephal/o brain
gli/o glial cells
Combining Form Meaning

24. Terminology (cont’d) lept/o thin, slender
ORGANS AND STRUCTURES
lept/o thin, slender
mening/o, membranes, meningi/o meninges
my/o muscle
myel/o spinal cord
neur/o nerve
Combining Form Meaning

25. Terminology (cont’d) pont/o pons radicul/o nerve root
ORGANS AND STRUCTURES
pont/o pons
radicul/o nerve root
thalam/o thalamus
thec/o sheath (refers to meninges)
vag/o vagus nerve
Combining Form Meaning

26. Terminology (cont’d) alges/o, -algesia -algia
SYMPTOMS
alges/o, -algesia
-algia
caus/o
comat/o
esthesi/o, -esthesia
kines/o, -kinesia
Combining Form Meaning
excessive sensitivity to pain
pain
burning
deep sleep
feeling, nervous sensation
movement

27. Terminology (cont’d) -kinesis, kinetic -lepsy movement lex/o seizure
SYMPTOMS
-kinesis, kinetic
-lepsy
lex/o
-paresis
-phasia
Combining Form Meaning
movement
seizure
word, phrase
slight paralysis
speech

28. Terminology (cont’d) -plegia -praxia -sthenia paralysis action
SYMPTOMS
-plegia
-praxia
-sthenia
syncop/o
tax/o
Combining Form Meaning
paralysis
action
strength
cut off
order, coordination

29. QUICK QUIZ: 3. Which term means nerve pain? A. cephalgia B. analgesia
C. hypalgesia
D. neuralgia
Correct answer is D: neuralgia

30. QUICK QUIZ: 3. Which term means nerve pain? A. cephalgia B. analgesia
C. hypalgesia
D. neuralgia
Correct answer is D: neuralgia

31. QUICK QUIZ: (cont’d)
4. Which type of hematoma occurs between the skull and the dura as a result of a ruptured meningeal artery, usually after a fracture of the skull?
A. subdural
B. epidural
C. intracerebral
Correct answer is B: epidural.

32. QUICK QUIZ: (cont’d)
4. Which type of hematoma occurs between the skull and the dura as a result of a ruptured meningeal artery, usually after a fracture of the skull?
A. subdural
B. epidural
C. intracerebral
Correct answer is B: epidural.