1. SOLAR POWERED AIR CONDITIONER
COOLING CAPACITY BASICS

2. COOLING CAPACITY
Is the measure of a cooling system's ability to remove heat.
Measured in
Watts (W)
Tons (North America)
Btu/h (traditional unit of energy )
For refrigeration and air conditioning applications, 1 ton of cooling is the amount of power needed to freeze 1 short ton (0.893 long ton; 0.907 t) of water into ice in 24 hours.
1 ton of cooling is equivalent
3.52 KW
12000 BTU/h =1055 Joules

3. COOLING MODE SELECTION (LOW / MEDIUM / HIGH )
Normal Operation
Turbo cooling
High Fan Speed
Economic mode
Slower cooling
Rule of thumb:
One ton per 400 sq .ft. (Commercial) or one ton per 500 to 800 sq .ft. (Residential)

4. ELECTRIC POWER DATA

5. Why the output power is more than the input power ?
Air conditioners use a technique called the vapour compression cycle to ‘move’ energy in the form of heat from one space to another. This is generally a very efficient process and the amount of low grade heat that can be moved is typically 3 to 5 times (or more) the energy required to run the compressor system.
This ratio is called the Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER), used for cooling, or Coefficient of Performance (COP), for heating, and it is used as the basis for determining the star rating of an air conditioner (see star rating section).
The efficiency of the system depends on the components used (their design and how well these are matched – compressor, evaporator and condenser) and the temperature different between inside and outside (as the temperature difference increases, the system becomes less efficient).

6. PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS
Energy Efficiency Ratio/Coefficient of Performance
EER/COP = Q/W
Q: Heat supplied or removed
W: Power required by the system
Q : Useful heat supplied by the system
Measure during Heating/Cooling Seasons
Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio
Heating Seasonal Performance Factor

7. STAR RATING INDEX (SRI)
Star ratings have been developed to provide consumers with an easy way of comparing the energy efficiency of different models.
The key parameter used is the Coefficient Of Performance (COP) for heating and Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) for cooling
COP/EER is the ratio of output (heating or cooling) to electrical power input
3 star Energy rating without the use of SOLAR PANELS

8. SOLAR PV MODULE
Open circuit voltage (Voc): The voltage between the terminals when no current is drawn (infinite load resistance)
Short circuit current (Isc): The current when the terminals are connected to each other (zero load resistance)
The short circuit current increases with light intensity, as higher intensity means more photons, which in turn means more electrons. Since the short circuit current Isc is roughly proportional to the area of the solar cell, the short circuit current density, Jsc = Isc/A, is often used to compare solar cells.
Solar PV Panel efficiency is measured under standard lighting conditions, which implies Air Mass 1.5 spectrum, light flux of 1000W/m2 and temperature of 25°C.

9. SOLAR PV PANEL BASICS
Polycrystalline Silicon photovoltaic modules,156*156mm
Each cell generates ~0.5 volt, 60 cells means ~30 volt
Max power ~ 30.4*8.24 = Watts

10. Factors Impacting Solar PV Panel Efficiency
Latitude
Reflectivity of the surface
Thermodynamic efficiency – this is an examination of the energy of the light photons hitting the surface, and the technologies being developed to convert the energies of photons of different energy levels into useful electricity
Conduction Efficiency – a measure of photon conversion into electric current
The weather
The time of year – is the sun low or high in the sky
Charge Carrier separation efficiency

11. SOLAR PV PANEL EFFICIENCY
Area per cell in sq meter
Total Cell 60
Total area in sqm
Max Power (250 W) tolerance +/-5%
225
Efficiency %
In Malaysia
Kuala Lumpur - incident average flux in Kwh/m2
1571
Panel efficiency %
15.4
Total cell area in m2
Average power per panel in Watt

12. SOLAR PV PANEL CAPACITY (250 Watts x 4 units = 1KW)

13. GLOSSARY
Airflow – Air volume measured in CFM ( cubic feet per minute ).
BTU/H – British Thermal Units per Hour, a measure of cooling or heating capacity.
Capacity – Refrigeration capacity by system usually measured in BTU/H or Tons for cooling. One Ton is
equal to 12,000 Btu/h.
Decibels (dB) – the intensity of sound is measured in decibels (dB)
EER ( Energy Efficiency Ratio ) – Efficiency rating of air conditioning or heating units in cooling mode. It is
calculated by dividing the system capacity output per hour by its power consumption (watts). The higher
the EER, the more efficient the system.
Energy Star – Is a joint program of the US Environmental Protection Agency and the US Department of Energy.
Energy Star qualified ductless systems are high efficient products that are cost effective solutions to deliver
Hot or cool air directly into different zones in many residential or commercial applications.
HSPF – Heating Seasonal Performance Factor. Measurement of the heat efficiency of the heat pumps.
The higher the HSPF, the more efficient the heat pump.
MERV – MERV stands for Minimum Efficiency Rating Value. This is an industry standard rating system that allows you
to compare filters made by different manufactures. A MERV rating is a numerical value ranging from 1 (lowest
efficiency) to 20 (highest efficiency) and tells the consumer how well the filter captures and holds dirt and dust
of a specific size range. Minimum MERV value filtration used almost exclusively in residential buildings are 1 to 4.

14. GLOSSARY CONT’D
Operating Cost – Total cost of running your cooling and heating system based on energy consumption and rate.
PV (Solar) Module – In Photovoltaic (Solar) Module, light energy converts into electricity. PV system consist
of many jointly connected solar cells.
Refrigerant – A gas/liquid substance used in refrigeration cycle to provide cooling by absorbing and dispensing heat.
SOLAR COOL’s air con units uses environmentally friendly R410A refrigerant.
SEER (Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio) – Efficiency rating of air conditioners and heat pumps over the course of the
cooling season. The higher the SEER, the more efficient the system.
Solar Inverter – Solar inverter is a new technology used in SOLAR COOL air con units. Based on PV generation
principle, solar energy is converted into electric energy to run the system, replacing partially commercial
power and reducing energy consumption bills. Solar inverter has a power supply module which automatically
adjust the power supply of solar energy and commercial power to achieve the required input power.
Ton – Measurement of system cooling capacity. 1 Ton is equivalent to 12,000 BTU/H.
COP – The coefficient of performance of a heat pump, refrigerator or air conditioning system is a ratio of useful
heating or cooling provided for work required. COP is the value we get when we divide the cooling power by the
input power and this number usually exceeds 1. The higher the COP, the lower the operating cost.