1. REPAIR & MAINTENANCE Marina Zanne, M.Sc. Marina.Zanne@fpp.uni-lj.si

2. Introduction
Repair and maintenance is one of the crucial managerial issues. Good planning usually decreases the possibility for unexpected damages and emergency situations  danger & financial loss

3. Introduction
Maintenance and repair (M&R) spending is a normal and expected cost.
Class requirements
Condition assessment issues
Routine maintenance
Shipyard choices
Supervision

4. Reasons why damage occurs
Defective parts,
Discordance of a system,
Physical wasting,
Chemical and/or thermal causes,
Trembling and vibrations,
Wrong handling etc.
Disturbance at one segment might cause the chaing of reactions ending up in a severe damage.

5. Planned repair & maintenance
Depending on:
Rules and requirements set by the ship’s classification society
Recommendations from equipment manufacturers
The policies adopted by the owner or the manager.

6. Being “in class”
Means meeting a number of criteria set by classification society
Does not mean a guarantee of seaworthiness in a legally defined sense.
IACS – 10 members + 1 associate  more than 90% of merchant fleet is covered by the classification design, construction and through-life compliance and standards set by IACS.

7. Condition assessment
Annual surveys; visual examination to ascertain the general condition of the ship (or relevant item).
Intermediate survey; visual examination of hull structure, machinery, electrical installations and equipment.
Renewal survey (5 years); major survey (visual + measuring + testing) of hull structure, machinery installation and equipement.
Other complete periodic surveys; boiler, radio communication, safety equipment etc. survey

8. Condition assessment programme
Inspections that should identify areas of deficiency  targeted maintenance
Hull structure assessment
Machinery assessment
Cargo systems assessment

9. Preventive maintenance vs. periodic repairs
Unpredictability of damages is reduced by:
Reviewing the handbooks,
Inspecting and monitoring the system,
Examining ship’s parts,
Consulting the manufacturers etc.
Decission on maintenance and repair intervals.
Main goal: to keep the “hardware” functioning to an acceptable standard (at as much as possible reasonable costs)

10. Planned repair & maintenance
Activities done by the crew  (routine) maintenance programme
How to deal with equipment servicing?
Specialists engagement (“flying squad”)
Repair facility calls for periodic survey  coordinated with classification society inspectors

11. $

12. Drewry; Ship management (2006), p. 145

13. Starting the selection
Specification of needed repairs 
Company assesses the list, makes some changes if necessaty and forwards the list to differemnt ship repair yards 
Shipyards mail their offer to the shipping company (operator, manager)

14. Shipyard choice
A number of items has to be evaluated when selecting a shipyard:
Price,
Location (diversion from trading routes)
(Off-hire) time,
Work quality,
Equipment and facuilities in the yard,
Reputation on timelines,
Payment conditions,
Location of any specialist contractors needed etc.

15. Onboard activities prior of going to the shipyard
Prepare work and responsibility appointment list
Prepare the list of tasks and coordination of work
Ensure crew’s continuity during stay in the shipyard
Examine of ship’s certifications (in case of class renewal)
Close examination of any handbook, guides etc.
Check up of working equipment and tools
Mark the parts that need to be repaired as well as to assure their accessibility
Secure valuable items
Inform the shipyard on eventual additions to the initial specification of repairs
Create the plan of ship’s tank etc.

16. Shiprepair price trends
Shiprepair price trends ( ), Basis: Singapore = 100,
Drewry; Ship management (2006), p. 150

17. The final cost
Repair costs + Loss of earnings (opportunity costs)

18. Conclusions
The ship should be kept in good condition  unexpected damges (hull, equipment or engine damage) stop the ship and produce costs or even loss  this is avoided by preventive maintenance an dregular repairs Costs of preventive maintenance and periodic repairs should not exceed the benefits of the same  a lot of experience is needed to set the right level of regular maintenance and periodic repairs The ship is under permanent supervision of the classification society as well as under the supervision of company’s (owner’s or manager’s) inspectors.