1. Bell Work:
Quiz – Surprise!

2. World Civilization A Mrs. Elam & Mrs. Wilson
Ancient Rome
World Civilization A
Mrs. Elam & Mrs. Wilson

3. The Geography of Rome

4. Physical Characteristics
Ancient Rome was….
Next to the Mediterranean Sea
It covered parts of Europe, Asia and Africa
A peninsula
Rocky and mountainous
Built on hills
Next to the Tiber River

5. https://www. khanacademy

6. https://www. bing. com/videos/search

7. The History of
Ancient Italy

8. Italy in 750 BCE

9. Etruscan Political System
Independent, fortified city-states.
Formed small confederacies.
Had a strong military that dominated all the surrounding peoples.
By 6c BCE, the Etruscan military had conquered much of the Italian peninsula,including Rome and the island of Corsica.

10. The Etruscan Alphabet

11. Etruscan Religion Polytheistic.
Believed that the destiny of man was determined by the whims of the gods.
Believed in prophecy and reading the signs of nature by augurs.
Believed in predestination.

12. Influence of the Etruscans
Writing
Religion
The Arch

13. Etruscan Tomb Wall & Tomb Fresco

14. The Gate of Volterra: First known Archway in History!

15. The Mythical Founding of Rome: Romulus & Remus – Volunteers?

16. Representative Democracy
Citizens (wealthy men) voted for representatives to make laws for them.
Laws applied to everyone.
We use a representative democracy in America today!

17. Republican Government
2 Consuls
(Rulers of Rome)
Senate
(Representative body for patricians)
Tribal Assembly
(Representative body for plebeians)

18. The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE
Providing political and social rights for the plebeians.

19. Adaptations to the Environment
Ancient Romans adapted to their mountainous land by
Growing olives and grapes
Having small farms on terraced hillsides
Trading on the Mediterranean Sea

20. The People of Ancient Rome
Men were citizens
Women were caretakers
Boys were educated
Girls learned handicrafts and household chores
What would you be doing in Ancient Rome?

21. Jobs of the Romans
Farmers
Road builders
Traders

22. Roman artists created:
Pottery
Jewelry
Tools
Mosaics were a special art form that used small pieces of tile, glass or stone.

23. in buildings, bridges and aqueducts.
Architecture
Romans used
arches
in buildings, bridges and aqueducts.

24. Roman Aqueducts

25. Aqueducts were designed to pump water in to the city
Aqueducts were designed to pump water in to the city. The water was used for humans and for irrigation.

26. Rome’s Early Road System

27. Road Building
The Romans created a network of paved highways. This joined the empire together and allowed soldiers to move swiftly from one area to another.

28. Roman Roads: The Appian Way

29. Religion
The Romans began by worshipping different gods and goddesses (like the Greeks), but eventually become Christians.

30. I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X
Ancient Romans also….
Changed our calendar to 365 days and named the months
Gave us 1/3 of our English language
Used Roman numerals that we still see today on clocks, watches, and in books
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X

31. School Life Academic Year Corporal Punishment common Pedagogy
Began March 24 (Feast of Minerva)
7 days/week, but many holidays (e.g., Quinquatria (Mar )
Sunrise start, followed by lunch/siesta & classes
Corporal Punishment common
Knuckles, ears, hair, posterior all fair targets
Horace referred to his teacher Oribilus as a “plagosus” (thrasher!)
Pedagogy
Oral emphasis (dictation, lecture, disputation)
Memorization and recitation, enunciation
Quaestiones (abstract concepts) vs. causae (specific situations) vs. declamatio (advocacy of action)
No systematic study or curriculum until 1st c. BC

32. Roman tools for school

33. What are Myths? Tells a traditional story
involving supernatural beings or forces (not always)
embodies and provides an explanation for something such as
the early history of a society
a religious belief or ritual
a natural phenomenon
(a cultural\moral allegory)

34. The Romans also went to the theatre to watch plays or listen to music.
The actors often wore masks to show whether their character was sad or happy.

35. The Roman Forum

36. The Roman Colosseum

37. The Colosseum Interior

38. Disgust and Delight
Upper class sponsors gladiators and paints pictures of them in murals in their homes, but claims to hate the combat in public
Roman senate declares that people who fight in gladitorial combat could lose their high status Yet they had mock-fights themselves

39. The Rules According to Claudius
If a gladiator fell down (even if by accident), he had to be killed, so that the emperor could see his face as he died.

40. Animals and Combat
Animal fights grew more popular as the empire expanded and access to exotic animals from conquered provinces grew
Emperor appears more powerful if he can bring animal fights to the people
Animals are chained together to fight

41. Why did Romans admire them?
Not in Roman society, but still were famous
Courageous fighters
Got praise and were popular heroes

42. When the upper class plays gladiator . . .
Fight prostitutes dressed up as animals
Fight tame animals that would not really hurt them
Engage in mock arena fights in private

43. Fight to the death
An *intentional* fight to the death was more rare than you might think
Gladiators would often fight until surrender or injury
Often fought with dull weapons
Crowd could demand that the fight stop

44. Explaining death
Gladiators control their fate on their funeral monuments
Say they were victims of Nemesis (revenge)
Opponent cheated
Never appear in death to be the victim of the crowd or killed on a whim

45. All good things come to an end
Constantine publically declares his hatred for gladiatorial combat, but does not stop it
His son, Constantius II, prevents members of the imperial guard from fighting
By the 4th century, emperors no longer act as sponsors
The result is a decline in gladiatorial combat

46. Conclusions This is a public spectacle
The Romans equated this experience with going to the theater
For the gladiator, however, this was a chance to overturn the social order of things and receive fame and fortune

47. What did the Romans do to entertain themselves?
Roman Relaxation
What did the Romans do to entertain themselves?
Did they play games?
How did they relax?

48. Roman Baths

49. Why were baths so popular with the Romans?
Roman baths were more like a visit to a leisure centre than a quick scrub.
The Romans loved the baths because they were a good place to meet people and business could be conducted there.
When you went to the baths you firstly changed and did some exercises.
Then you might have a swim before going into a series of rooms that made you hotter and hotter to help you sweat off the dirt.
All the dirt and sweat was then scraped off with a STRIGIL (made out of metal).
They then swam in the cold pool.

52. Games
The Romans played similar games to what we play today. Board games with counters and dice were very popular with the Romans.
Hunting was also popular. People in the countryside would hunt animals for fun as well as food.
Some things the Romans did for fun were horrible.

53. The Legacy of Rome Republic Government Roman Law Latin Language
Roman Catholic Church
City Planning
Romanesque Architectural Style
Roman Engineering
Aqueducts
Sewage systems
Dams
Cement
Arch

54. A Bit of Perspective