1. Chapter 27
Athens & Sparta

2. Comparing Two City-States
Athens is located in central Greece near Aegean Sea
They liked to travel and encouraged visitors & trade
Also had great naval fleet
Sparta was isolated – located on a plain in between sea & mountains
They were suspicious of outsiders
Grew most of their food

3. Map of Ancient Greece

4. Known for great art, architecture, & culture
Athens
Known for great art, architecture, & culture
Sparta
Valued strength & simplicity
Produced soldiers, not artists

5. Athenian Government
Became a democracy - only free men over age of 18 born in Athens were citizens
Council of 500 met every day to discuss gov. & new laws
Proposed laws had to be approved by The Assembly  debated & voted on new laws with every citizen getting the chance to speak

6. Athenian men gather to debate and vote on new laws

7. Athenian Economy
Economy – way a community organizes the manufacture & exchange of money, food, products, & services
Economy was based on trade because of land shortage & their distance from sea
- Received wood from Italy, grain from Egypt
- Traded honey, olive oil, silver, & pottery
Bought & sold goods at huge market place called an agora
Athenians created coins to make trade easier

9. Education in Athens Education centered around developing good citizens
Believed in strong mind & healthy body
Until age 6/7, boys were home schooled
From 6-14, they learned reading, writing, arithmetic, & literature – also coached in wrestling & gymnastics
At 18, men began military training – after this wealthy young men studied debate & public speaking

10. Education - continued Most girls did not learn to read or write
Girls were taught to cook, clean, spin thread, & weave cloth
Also, learned ancient songs & dances for religious festivals
Most girls married around age of 15

11. Women in Athens Women could not inherit or own much property
Could not vote or attend the Assembly
Few had jobs – some were priestesses but most managed household & children

12. Slaves in Athens Slaves were abundant in Athens
- had various jobs like:
running households
tutoring children
craftsmen
city clerks
silver miners

13. People were bought by rich people as their slaves
People were bought by rich people as their slaves. Some very rich men owned hundreds of slaves. All slaves had to go to the market and buy all the food and get it ready to eat it.

14. Spartan Government
Was an oligarchy – had an assembly but most decisions were made by the Council of Elders
This group consisted of 2 kings and 28 other men
Kings inherited power
Elders were elected by assembly
The Council had real power  they prepared laws for assembly to vote on & had power to veto any laws by assembly that they did not like.

15. Spartan Economy Depended on farming & conquering other people
Spartans turned neighbors into slaves called helots – these new slaves had to give most of their food to Sparta
Spartans also used non-citizens called perioikoi – they were free men who could serve in army – also made necessary items like shoes, iron tools, & pottery

16. Economy - continued
Discouraged trade – did not want ideas from other city-states to weaken their government
Used iron bars as money

17. Education in Sparta
Purpose was to produce men & women who could protect city-state
From age of 7, all children were trained to fight – learned wrestling, boxing, foot racing, & gymnastics
Spartan boys lived & trained in barracks

18. Education - continued
Reading & writing were taught but not considered important.
Important to be a brave soldier  trained to suffer any amount of pain.
At age of 20, Spartan men were given a difficult test of fitness, military ability, & leadership skills
- passing test = soldier & full citizenship
Men could not live at home until age of 30

19. Spartan fighting position

20. “I tan i epit tas” Either come back with your shield or on it.

21. Women in Sparta Were expected to be strong & healthy & ready to fight
Looked after husband’s property in times of war – also guarded against invaders & revolts from slaves
Had many rights that other Greek women did not
Could own & control their own property
Could marry another man if their first husband had been away at war too long

22. Slaves in Sparta
Were people who had been conquered by Spartans – many more helots than citizens
Spartans were afraid helots would revolt so they treated them harshly
Government sometimes declared war on helots so they could legally kill any slaves that might rebel

23. Slaves - continued
Sometimes Spartans would kill best helot fighters to eliminate any future helot leaders
Despite this treatment, they did have some rights
Could marry whoever they wanted
Could sell extra crops
Could even buy freedom if they saved enough money