1. The Foot
The foot functions to absorb forces and provide support during running, walking, etc. 28 bones make up each foot.
The “arches” of the foot are ligaments that help support body weight
Major movements of the foot: Plantar flexion, Dorsi flexion, Supination, Pronation
Foot assessment: HOPS

2. The Foot - H.O.P.S.
History
How did it occur? What was the MOI? Type of Pain? What surface is being used? Footwear?
Observation
Limping? Favoring one foot? Deformity? Swelling? Discoloration?
Palpation/Special Tests
Foot Movement

3. The Foot

4. Foot Injuries Heel Bruise Plantar Fasciitis MOI: Jumping, Falling
S/Sx: Pain during weight bearing (putting weight on it)
Tx: Ice, possibly crutches, rest, heel cup
Plantar Fasciitis
Heel pain at attachment of Plantar Fascia & along length of plantar fascia. May be more painful in morning
Special Test: Pain during forced dorsiflexion
Treatment: Stretching, RICE, Anti-inflammatory medication, Heel Cup, Arch Support
Surgery / Injection

5. Plantar Fasciitis

6. Jones Fracture Fracture of base of 5th metatarsal
MOI: Acute hit, Sudden movement, or overuse
S/Sx: Sharp pain over lateral foot, swelling
Tx: RICE, Immobilization, X-Ray, Surgery?
Fracture Special Tests: Squeeze Test, Tap Test, Tuning fork

7. Hammer Toe Deformity of the toes where joints become misaligned
Wearing tight shoes may be the cause
Treatment: Ice, Splinting, Surgery

8. Fractures, Dislocation of Phalanges (Toes)
MOI: Kicking an object, “Stubbing” a toe, Dropping object on toe
S/Sx: Pain, Swelling, Discoloration, Deformity
Treatment: RICE, X-Rays to determine fracture/dislocation
Splinting/Taping

9. Bunion Painful deformity of the distal 1st metatarsal
MOI: Overuse, Often wearing shoes that don’t fit
S/Sx: Pain, Swelling, Deformity, Enlargement of the joint
Tx: Proper shoe selection, Padding, Orthotics, Medication, Surgery

10. Turf Toe Hyper-extension of Big Toe
MOI: Repetitive Overuse or Acute Trauma
Kicking an object, causing the big toe to be hyperextended
Treatment: Splinting, Bracing, Taping, Ice, Medication

11. Blisters Excessive rubbing causes fluid to accumulate under skin
Wear clean, dry socks, Properly fitted shoes
“To Pop or Not to Pop”
Popping a blister opens it up to infection, instead cover and pad the blister
However, if the pressure inside the blister is painful & limiting play/practice, the blister may be opened
Use sterile instruments
Keep blister covered and clean, vasoline may be used to prevent friction
Blisters

12. Ingrown Toenail
Nail begins to grow in to the soft tissue surrounding the toe
Proper shoe fitting, Proper nail cutting essential
Soak in warm water
Neosporin
Podiatrist