1. INTRO TO ATOMS AND BASIC CHEMISTRY
All matter is made up of atoms

2. Vocabulary:
Atom – the SMALLEST part of an element that still has the properties of that element. (the round “balls” that make up everything)
Humans have always been curious about our world. Even as we date back to 2500 years ago, the Greeks understood that matter was composed of tiny particles. They understood that if you cut something in half over and over again, it would eventually be one particle big (Glencoe science). They named these tiny particles atoms—a term that means cannot be divided.
Atoms are far too small to see with a normal microscope. You need an electron microscope to see them,

3. Vocabulary:
2. Elements - substances made of only one kind of atom. (ex: gold is made of Gold atoms)
Atoms are far too small to see with a normal microscope. You need an electron microscope to see them,

4. They Might Be Giants- "Meet the Elements"
Talk briefly about history of periodic table: 1869 Dimitri Mendeleev began to organize these elements into similar properties.
They Might Be Giants- "Meet the Elements"

5. I. Structure of the Atom
We have learned that all matter is made of tiny particles called atoms.
The atom is made up of even smaller particles called subatomic particles.

6. a.) There are 3 main subatomic particles:
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

7. I. Nucleus Found at the CENTER of an atom
Contains PROTONS and NEUTRONS
Where most of the MASS(matter) is located.

8. Remember Neu - Neu Isn’t this easy! Neutron Neutral a.) Neutrons-
located in the nucleus
Have a neutral charge which means NO charge.
Mass = 1 amu
Neutron
Neutral
Remember
Neu - Neu
Isn’t this easy!

9. + + Remember b.) Protons- P - P located in the nucleus
have a positive (+) charge.
Mass: 1 amu
Proton
Positive + +
1 amu = g
Atomic mass units (1 amu = 1.7 x g
P - P
Remember

10. located in a cloud that orbits (flys around) the nucleus.
c.) Electrons-
located in a cloud that orbits (flys around) the nucleus.
Have a negative (-) charge.
Have a mass: almost zero amu
Electron
Negative
Nucleus
Electrons

11. Brain Blast
1. Structure found at the center of an atom that contains protons and neutrons.
Nucleus
Proton
Neutron
Electron

12. 2. Located inside the nucleus, has a positive charge (+)
Brain Blast
2. Located inside the nucleus, has a positive charge (+)
Nucleus
Proton
Neutron
Electron

13. 3. Orbit in a cloud around the nucleus, have a negative charge (-)
Brain Blast
3. Orbit in a cloud around the nucleus, have a negative charge (-)
Nucleus
Proton
Neutron
Electron

14. 4. Located in the nucleus, have a neutral charge
Brain Blast
4. Located in the nucleus, have a neutral charge
Nucleus
Proton
Neutron
Electron

15. Flip over…let’s learn about atomic mass

16. The Periodic Table of Elements

17. The Atomic model has changed many times throughout history
Niels Bohr later developed this well known model we often use today
J.J Thomson’s plum pudding model
1909
An even more modern theory explains that electrons are found and travel in regions called (clouds) not exact paths around the nucleus!

18. The Periodic Table of Elements
I. The first periodic table was designed in the 1860’s, by a Russian chemist named Dmitri Mendeleev
I wonder what’s for dinner?

19. He discovered repeating patterns to the properties of the elements when the elements were arranged in order of increasing mass.
This regular repeating pattern is referred to as PERIODIC……. Like the days of the week!

20. Mendeleev actually placed question marks to indicate some elements that he believed would later be identified!
Mendeleev’ used his arrangement in the periodic table to predict elements that were yet to be discovered. Also, by using the pattern of properties in the periodic table he could also predict the properties of those missing elements.

21. What is an ELEMENT?
Element- is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical or chemical means. Elements are known as the building blocks of matter.

22. What is all of the information in the box?
Each element usually* appears this way on the Periodic Table: 1
Atomic Number (jersey #) H
Symbol
Hydrogen
Element
Atomic Mass

23. No two elements have the SAME atomic number.
a.) ATOMIC NUMBER- the number of PROTONS in one atom of that element.
No two elements have the SAME atomic number.
Elements are arranged on the P.T by their ATOMIC number. 6 C
Carbon
12.011

24. A NEUTRAL atom always has the same # of positive protons as it does negative electrons. For example, a neutral carbon atom has 6 protons and 6 electrons.

25. b.) Atomic symbol- the shortened abbreviation for the element.3 Li
Lithium
6.941
b.) Atomic symbol- the shortened abbreviation for the element.
symbol always begins with a CAPITAL letter.
If there is a second or third letter, it is lowercase.
V. Atomic mass- the average mass of one of its atoms. The atomic mass is averaged because the mass of an atom can change depending on the number of electrons it has. The amount of electrons that an atom has can change!
Carbon’s atomic mass is ____________ amu.

26. What do you think Lead’s symbol is?
Most symbols come from the elements name (C for Carbon), however symbols for most elements are taken from their names in other languages--mostly Latin and Greek. For example, the Latin name for iron is ferrum. The symbol for iron is Fe.

27. Brain Blast
A =He B = HE
1. Helium’s symbol is correctly written as…

28. Brain Blast
A =True B = False
2. An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down by simple physical or chemical means.

29. Brain Blast 4. What does the ATOMIC number tell you about an element?
Number of protons in the nucleus!!!

30. Found by ADDING up the number of protons and neutrons.
c.) Atomic mass or weight- the average MASS of one atom of that element.
Found by ADDING up the number of protons and neutrons.
Sometimes called the MASS number.
Often ROUNDED. 6 C
Carbon
12.011

31. The periodic table of elements contains all of the known elements on our planet (and is constantly being updated). Some elements occur naturally, and some are created by scientists in the lab. You will notice it is color-coordinated with symbols and numbers!

32. In general, elements are classified as metals, non-metals, or metalloids (metalloids have characteristics of both metals and non-metals).
Elements are arranged on the periodic table by increasing atomic number.
Blue are metals, red are metalloids, green are non-metals. The last column (dark green) are noble gases.

33. A.) METALS- any element to the LEFT of the staircase.
-Common properties of elements in this group include: a.) room temperature (except Mercury) b.) Good CONDUCTORS of heat & electricity C.) MALLEABLE- can be molded into thin sheets d.) Have LUSTER (shine)

34. B. ) METALLOIDS- located along the dark ZIG-ZAG line or staircase
B.) METALLOIDS- located along the dark ZIG-ZAG line or staircase. They get their name beause they have some properties of metals and others in common with nonmetals.

35. C.)NONMETALS- elements to the RIGHT of the zig-zag line.
-Common properties of elements in this group include: a.) Usually GAS or SOLIDS that break easily. b.) Poor conductors of heat & electricity C.) Only 17 nonmetals.

36. Groups vs. Periods Groups (numbered 1-18)
The vertical columns on the Periodic Table are called GROUPS or FAMILIES.
Elements in the same family or group often share similar properties because they have the same number of electrons in their outer electron shell.
Valence electrons are those electrons located in the outer most shell

37. Watch the video of group 1 reacting!!

38. Groups 1 & 2: The ALKALI metals
-they are all reactive metals that react violently with water.
-they have 1 electron in their outer shell and easily lose that forming compounds.
-They form charged atoms called ions with a POSITIVE charge.
“A happy atom has all its orbital's filled”!

39. -they are all HIGHLY REACTIVE.
Groups 17: The HALOGENS
-they are all HIGHLY REACTIVE.
-known as salt-formers.
-(they have 7 valence electrons, easily gaining one)
-They form NEGATIVE charged ions with a negative charge.
“A happy atom has all its orbital's filled”!

40. Groups 18: The NOBLE GASES
-they are nonreactive nonmetals
-they all have a complete outer shell containing 8 electrons
-they do not need to lose or gain any electrons and therefore do not react with other elements under normal conditions.
“A happy atom has all its orbital's filled”!

41. Periods- (numbered 1-7)
The horizongal rows on the periodic table are called PERIODS.

42. Are all atoms of an element the same..? _________
No!
Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of protons but have different numbers of neutrons
Can you guess this isotope?
Remember….! Atoms that are isotopes of each other are always the same element because the number of protons in each isotope is the same

43. So what is this isotope…?
_____________
Hydrogen