1. Rise of Hitler: 3rd Year

2. Early life Born in Austria 1889
Lived in Vienna – tried to be a painter
Joined German army in WW1
Brave soldier
Iron Cross reaction to surrender

3. Early yrs Shocked by Germany’s defeat Blamed it on weak politicians
Hated the Treaty of Versailles
Hated the new German Government – The Weimar Republic

4. Early yrs Formation of the Nazi Party
After war Hitler spied for the army on the German Worker’s Party
Liked their ideas – joined it
Gift for oratory
Became their leader
Name change to National Socialist German Worker’s Party
Nicknamed Nazis

5. Nazi Party Copied many ideas from Mussolini’s Fascist Party
Had SA – his uniformed soldiers – Brownshirts
Led by Ernst Rohm
Had SS – Like mussolini’s secret police
SS = Hitler’s personal bodyguards
Lead by Himmler
Hitler’s title – Der Fuhrer – The Leader

6. Hitler’s Putsch 1923 Economy very bad
1923 Tried to stage a revolution in Munich
Copying Mussolini’s march on Rome
Failed – Imprisoned
His book – Mein Kampf – contains his ideas

7. Hitler’s ideas Tear up the Treaty of Versailles
To make Germany a great power (empire) again
The German speakers were a master race (Aryans) – better than anyone else
All Germans should be united to form a huge country
Germany must take over Eastern Europe and Russia to create more ‘Living space’ for Germans
Called this ‘Lebensraum’
Remove all Jews from Germany
Destroy communism

8. Wall st crash Hitler’s next chance for power
1929 – world wide depression
People lost faith in democracy
Turned to the 2 extreme parties – Nazis and communists

9. Why did people vote for Hitler?
To undo the Treaty of Versailles
Fear of communism
Rising unemployment – Hitler promised to stop it
Loss of confidence in democracy
Hitler’s use of propaganda

10. Establishing a dictatorship
Elected Chancellor in 1933 democratically
Feb 1933 (The Dail) burned down
Hitler blamed communists – arrested them
March 1933 Enabling Act
Allowed him to rule without parliament
Banned all political parties except Nazis
Propaganda under control of Goebbels
Persuaded people to love Hitler
Stern Police – The Gestapo – set up to control people

11. Knight of long knives Hitler was now the Fuhrer – a dictator
Afrais of Rohm and the SA’s power
1934 – SS killed and arrested any of Hitler’s enemies in one night

12. Concentration Camps Political Opponents sent there
They were forced labour camps
Led by SS
1st one was Dachau
Soon all ‘enemies’ of the state would be sent there
Eg, gypsies, homosexuals, disabled, thieves

13. Anti-Semitism Jews blamed for all Germany’s problems
Enemies of the Aryan race
Less than 1%

14. Anti-Semitism

15. Persecution of Jews 1933 Boycott of Jewish shops
Jews not allowed to work in the civil service
1935 Nuremburg Laws
Jews lost citizenship
Intermarriage of Jews and German’s forbidden
Made wear a yellow star of David

16. Kristallnacht Night of broken glass
1938 Nazis destroy Jewish shops and homes
Synagogues attacked
Jews first sent to ghettos
Jews sent to concentration camps

17. Kristallnacht

18. The Holocaust
Concentration camps set up all over Germany and other countries
Dachau, Auschwitz
Old and weak gassed immediately
Young and strong put to work
Made clothes and machines for German army
6 million Jews murdered

19. Holocaust (2) Not just Jews sent to death camps
Anyone not considered Aryan
Black people, gypsies, beggars, gays, disabled, communists.

20. Recap National Socialist Worker’s Party SS SA Night of long knives
Anti-Semitism
Kristallnacht
Holocaust

21. Recap Questions
List 4 ways in which Hitler turned Germany into a dictatorship
List 5 things that happened to the Jews in Germany
List 4 aims and beliefs Hitler had (in Mein Kampf)
Give 3 reasons why people voted for Hitler

22. Q1 – turning Germany into Dictatorship
Enabling Act, 1933
Arrested Communists after Reichstag burned down
Other parties banned
Secret Police – Gestapo
Knight of long knives

23. What happened to jews>
Answer: Shops boycotted
Nuremberg Laws
Lost citizenship
Not allowed marry Germans
Not allowed work in civil service
Kristallnacht
Star of David
Ghettos
Concentration Camps

24. Q3 – Hitler’s beliefs Destroy Treaty of Versailles
Germans = Aryan Race
Lebensraum
All German speakers invited
German Empire = 3rd Reich
Get rid of Jews

25. Q4 Why vote for Nazi party
Fear of Communism
Disgust at democracy’s weakness
Unemployment
Inflation
To get rid of Treaty of Versailles
To make Germany great again

26. Cartoon Reaction to V Treaty