1. The Holy Roman Empire and the Church
Ch 13 sec 2
The Holy Roman Empire and the Church

2. Holy Roman Empire Consisted of lands in Germany and Italy.
Duke of Saxony Otto I would become the King of Germany. He then helped the Pope with an uprising of Roman nobles.
Pope crowned Otto I as Emperor.
Otto I descendants would then become the Holy Roman Emperors.
What is the significance
of the title?

3. Conflict between Popes and Kings
Lay Investiture -The process of a secular ruler (king) appointing a lay person to a high position (Bishop) in the Catholic Church.
That person would receive the symbols of that office by the king. Ring and Staff.
What problems could this create?

4. Gregory VII – Catholic Pope
Ruled from 1073 to 1085
Known for his dispute with the Holy
Roman Emperor Henry IV of
Germany. Henry was appointing lay
people to the office of Bishop(invest).
Gregory VII claimed that only the Catholic Church could invest Bishops with the symbols of his spiritual office.

5. Gregory vs Henry
Henry IV claimed that as the owner of the fief he alone had the right to appoint people to his church.
In 1076 Gregory VII excommunicated Henry IV which freed his subjects from allegiance to Henry. (interdict)
Gregory then headed north to crown a new emperor.
Henry tore his clothes and asked Gregory for forgiveness. Do Christians forgive?
Henry IV kept his throne and later took revenge on Gregory forcing him into exile.

6. Concordat of Worms
In 1122, after 50 years of conflict over lay investiture both kings and the Catholic Church accepted a treaty called the Concordat of Worms.
This gave the church the power to elect and invest bishops with their spiritual power.
The kings had the power to invest the bishops with fiefs.
How does this benefit both parties?

7. Conflict between Popes and Kings
Emperor Frederick I (called Barbarossa or Red Beard) tried to place the northern
cities of Italy under his control.
Pope sided with the cities and
fought against Barbarossa.
Pope was afraid that Barbarossa
would conquer his papal state .

8. Conflict between Popes and Kings
Frederick II - grandson of Frederick I tries to subdue the same northern Italian cities taking his eye off the German nobles.
The result is that the Holy Roman empire would be fragmented into many feudal states.
Germany would not be unified for another 600 years.
an_empire_1138.htm

9. Church Architecture
Romanesque – Mix of Roman and Byzantine building styles. 6th to 10th century
Barrel vaulted ceiling
Massive pillars to hold up the ceiling
Little to no windows – dark and gloomy
Cross vault – shape of a cross
Like a fortress – thick walls
Towers

10. Romanesque Church

11. Gothic Church Developed in the 12th century. Characteristics are:
Ribbed vaults
Pointed arches – upward movement
Very thin walls
Huge stained glass windows –lots of light – religious scenes.
Lofty ceilings
Flying Buttress – pillars on the outside of the church – supported the thin walls.

12. Gothic Church

13. Gothic Windows