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St Robert of Newminster
Catholic School and Sixth Form College Year 12 Pre-Course Tasks: RELIGIOUS STUDIES
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Philosophy, Ethics & DCT Scholars
Knowledge Identify the different scholars we have studied in both Philosophy, Ethics and DCT Skills Outline the key theories/arguments associated with each of these scholars Extended thinking Apply the different scholars to the different topics you have covered this year.
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Philosophy Scholars
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Plato 427-347 BCE Aristotle 322-384 BCE Plato Plato
Ancient Greek scholar who inspired Judaeo-Christian beliefs about the nature of God. He argued that empirical evidence cannot be accepted as fact and should not be trusted. Instead he argued that knowledge was ‘a priori’ – it was gained prior to experience. He proposed the theory of the world of forms and argued that there were essentially two forms of existence. The material world (the world of the senses) and the world of forms (the original and perfect world). He used his famous analogy of the cave to highlight this theory with the cave representing the material world and the outside showing the world of forms. The sun in the analogy represented the ‘Form of the Good’ – this was the form of all forms. The analogy is also linked to his beliefs about the soul. Plato was a dualist and argued that the soul (which was immaterial and immortal) could exist separately to the body. Plato Plato
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Rene Descartes Gilbert Ryle Plato Plato
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Richard Dawkins David Hume Plato Plato
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Bertrand Russell St Thomas Aquinas Plato Plato
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William Paley Charles Darwin Plato Plato
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Immanuel Kant Anselm of Canterbury Plato Plato
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Gaunilo of Marmoutiers 11th Century
St Augustine Plato Plato
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John Hick J.L Mackie Plato Plato
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Friedrich Schleiermacher 1768 - 1834
William Rowe Friedrich Schleiermacher Plato Plato
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Peter Vardy William James Plato Plato
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Rudolph Otto Richard Swinburne Plato Plato
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Sigmund Freud V.S. Ramachandran Plato Plato
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Ethics Scholars
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Aristotle 322-384 BCE St Thomas Aquinas 1225 - 1274
Ancient Greek scholar who inspired the ethical theory of natural law. He argued that behind every living thing lay 4 causes. They were the efficient, formal, material and final cause. The most important cause was are final cause which Aristotle referred to as ‘telos’. This is a Greek term for end or purpose. Aristotle believed our ‘Telos’ was Eudaimonia or ‘human flourishing’. He said we pursue goals to reach happiness – this happiness is different to pleasure. We should not seek pleasure for our own gratification. He inspired St Thomas Aquinas who accepted his view that all human beings were motivated toward some end or purpose. He is seen as one of the earliest thinkers involved with natural law ethical theory. Plato Plato
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Joseph Fletcher Immanuel Kant Plato Plato
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Jeremy Bentham John Stuart Mill Plato Plato
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W D Ross Karl Popper Plato Plato
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Pope John Paull II Peter Singer Plato Plato
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Cardinal Vincent Nichols 1945 -
Robert C Solomon Plato Plato
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DCT Scholars
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Plato 427-347 BCE Dante 1265- 1321 Plato Plato
Ancient Greek scholar who inspired Judaeo-Christian beliefs about the nature of God. He argued that empirical evidence cannot be accepted as fact and should not be trusted. Instead he argued that knowledge was ‘a priori’ – it was gained prior to experience. He proposed the theory of the world of forms and argued that there were essentially two forms of existence. The material world (the world of the senses) and the world of forms (the original and perfect world). He used his famous analogy of the cave to highlight this theory with the cave representing the material world and the outside showing the world of forms. The sun in the analogy represented the ‘Form of the Good’ – this was the form of all forms. The analogy is also linked to his beliefs about the soul. Plato was a dualist and argued that the soul (which was immaterial and immortal) could exist separately to the body. Plato Plato
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Richard Dawkins 1946- Augustine Plato Plato
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Pelagius St Thomas Aquinas Plato Plato
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Friedrich Schleiermacher 1768- 1834
William Paley Friedrich Schleiermacher Plato Plato
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Brian Davies 1951- Reinhold Niebuhr Plato Plato
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John Hick Pope John Paul II Plato Plato
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Sigmund Freud D.Z Phillips Plato Plato
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Joseph Fletcher John Calvin Plato Plato
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Christopher Southgate 1953-
James Arminius Christopher Southgate 1953- Plato Plato
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Jesus Christ (Roughly) 4- 30
David Brown 1948- Jesus Christ (Roughly) 4- 30 Plato Plato
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Cardinal Newman Rudolph Otto Plato Plato
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St Anselm of Canterbury 1033- 1109
Joseph Butler St Anselm of Canterbury Plato Plato
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Karl Barth Soren Kierkegaard Plato Plato
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Don Cupitt 1934- Leonardo Boff 1938- Plato Plato
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Karl Rahner Raymond Brown Plato Plato
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Gustavo Gutierrez 1928- Steven Pinker 1954- Plato Plato
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