1. Software of Information Systems
Hun Myoung Park, Ph.D.,
Public Management and Policy Analysis Program
Graduate School of International Relations
International University of Japan

2. Outline Computer Software System Software Operating Systems
Application Software
Software License
Open Source Software
Software Selection

3. Computer Software Tell computer hardware to do what you want.3
Computer Software
Tell computer hardware to do what you want.
Computer programs that instruct computer hardware to perform designated tasks.
A well organized set of instructions written in computer languages to achieve particular goals and then complied by a translator
Systems software and application software

5. 5
System Software

6. System Software To control computer systems6
System Software
To control computer systems
Bridge between hardware and application software
Not to perform specific tasks you want to do
Consists of operating systems, utility programs, and language translators

7. 7
Operating Systems
Kernel
User interface

8. Operating Systems 2 Server Parallel CPU, virtualization8
Operating Systems 2
Server
Parallel CPU, virtualization
BIOS, bootstrap routine
Diagnostic routine
JCL (Job control language)

9. Kernel 1 Kernel performs core functions Control hardware and access9
Kernel 1
Kernel performs core functions
Control hardware and access
Manage memory
Manage data (files)
Manage network
Manage I/O devices

10. Kernel 2 Manage programs: Multitasking (single user system)10
Kernel 2
Manage programs:
Multitasking (single user system)
Multithreading (multiple threads of a program)
Multiprogrammings (multi-user system)
Mutiprocessing: Use multiple processors
Parallel processing: a process/task uses more than one processor

11. Morley & Parker (2010: 198)

12. User Interface 1 Interacts between users and OS (kernel)12
User Interface 1
Interacts between users and OS (kernel)
Often integrated into OS
Command line (text based) versus desktop environment
Graphical user interface (GUI)
Touch user interface (mobile devices)

13. User Interface 2 Xerox PARC Alto (Xerox Star) Apple Lisa and Mac13
User Interface 2
Xerox PARC Alto (Xerox Star)
Apple Lisa and Mac
KDE (1996), desktop environment
GNOME (1999), GNU (GNU’s Not Unix) Network object model environment
Mac OS (1984)
X Window System (1984) by MIT
Microsoft Windows (1985), version 3.1 in 1992

14. Development of OS 1 UNIX (1969) by AT&T Apple DOS (1978) CP/M (1980)14
Development of OS 1
UNIX (1969) by AT&T
Apple DOS (1978)
CP/M (1980)
PC-DOS by IBM (1981), Microsoft DOS (1981)
Netware (1983) by Novell
Mac OS (1984)
Microsoft Windows (1985) 3.x/95/98
OS/2 (Warp) by IBM since 1987

15. Development of OS 2 NEXTSTEP (1989) SunOS/Solaris (1992)15
Development of OS 2
NEXTSTEP (1989)
SunOS/Solaris (1992)
GNU/Linux (1992)
Microsoft NT/2000/XP/Vista/7/8
Embedded and mobile editions (e.g., Blackberry OS, iOS, embedded Linux, or Window mobile or Window phone)

16. Utilities Backup/recovery utilities Compression utilities16
Utilities
Backup/recovery utilities
Compression utilities
Diagnostic program
Security/Spam-filtering utilities
Drivers

17. Language Translators Assembler for assembly language Compiler (batch)17
Language Translators
Assembler for assembly language
Compiler (batch)
Interpreter (interactive)

18. 18
Middleware
Software layer between operating system and application software (Wiki)
Connect software components and applications
CGI (Common Gateway Interface)
API (Application Program Interface)

19. 19
Application Software

20. Application Software 1 Perform specific tasks20
Application Software 1
Perform specific tasks
Do actually what you want
Match between operating systems and application software (e.g., platform and word size matter)
For example, a 32bit application software does not work perfectly in a 64bit operating system)

21. 21
Application Software 2
Wordprocessor: WordPerfect, Microsoft Word, LibreOffice (StarOffice)
Spreadsheet: VisiCalc, Lotus 1-2-3, Microsoft Excel, Quattro, Quattro Pro
Database: dBase III+, FoxBase, FoxPro, Microsoft Access, DBII, Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, MySql

22. 22
Application Software 3
Presentation: Powerpoint, Presentations, Impress, …
Statistics and mathematics: SAS, Stata, SPSS
Graphics: Adobe Photoshop, illustrator
Desktop publishing: Corel Ventura, Adobe Pagemaker, QuakXpress, Adobe InDesign

23. Application Software 4 Geographic information system (GIS)23
Application Software 4
Geographic information system (GIS)
Video, audio, gaming, …
Groupware: Lotus (IBM) Notes
Project management
Financial management
Personal information manager

24. 24
Types of Software
Off the shelf (ready made), in-house (house made), customized software (contractor)
Proprietary versus open source software
Web-based (Web suite), mobile software (software as a service)

25. Software Suite Microsoft Office Corel WordPerfect Office25
Software Suite
Microsoft Office
Corel WordPerfect Office
Lotus symphony
Oracle OpenOffice (StarOffice), LibreOffice
Adobe Creative Suite
Apple iWork
Hancom Office

26. Software Suite Microsoft Office Corel WordPerfect Office
OpenOffice/ LibreOffice
Hancom Office
Wordprocessor
Word
WordPerfect
Writer
Hangeul
Spreadsheet
Excel
Quattro Pro
Calc
HanCell
Presentation
PowerPoint
Presentations
Impress
HanShow
Database
Access
Paradox
Base
Web
(Frontpage)
Graphics/DTP
Publisher
(Ventura)
Draw

27. 27
Software License 1
A “legal instrument (contract) governing the use or distribution of software” (Wiki)
“When people purchase software, they don’t actually own the software” (p.167)
They just get official permission to use and distribute software.

28. Software License 2 Fixed time versus perpetual license28
Software License 2
Fixed time versus perpetual license
Single versus multiple users license
Stand-alone versus network license
Site license (anyone on the particular site)
Concurrent use license limits the number of users who can use the software at the same time. Managed by a license server

29. Software License 3 Proprietary (commercial) license Free license29
Software License 3
Proprietary (commercial) license
Free license
Shareware (fee to get better service),
Public domain license (donated to public domain)
Open source license (copyleft)

30. Software License 4

31. Open Source Software 1 Source codes are open to the public (users)31
Open Source Software 1
Source codes are open to the public (users)
Non-proprietary software,
GNU general public license (GPL), BSD and MIT licenses
Free software foundation in 1985
Open source initiative in 1998 by Eric S. Raymond

32. Open Source Software 2 Source codes are open but copyrighted32
Open Source Software 2
Source codes are open but copyrighted
Thus, often called “Copyleft”
Free copy, modification, distribution in general
Oftentimes, not free to use commercially (e.g., MySql) despite free download and installation.
Linux, Apache, Firefox, OpenOffice, etc.

33. Lessons Software dominance System software for server33
Lessons
Software dominance
System software for server
Open source movement (Linux, Apache, Firefox, etc.) and anti-monopoly
Intellectual property right: good or bad Samaritans?
Lock-in effect and education

34. References
Stair and Reynolds Principles of information systems, 12th ed. Cengage Learning.
Stair and Reynolds Information systems, 10th ed. Cengage Learning.
Morley and Parker Understanding computers, 15th ed. Cengage Learning.
Hutchinson and Sawyer Computers, Communications, and Information, 7th ed. Irwin/McGraw-Hill