1. The growth of environmentalism in Australia
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Next Slide: The first European Settlers of Australia had little regard for …

3. The growth of environmentalism in Australia
The first European Settlers of Australia had little regard for the environment of the continent.
The early focus was to use the abundant resources and convert the environment into a less hostile and European setting to make settlers feel more at home.
Next Slide: The first signs of the environmental movement …

4. The growth of environmentalism in Australia
The first signs of the environmental movement in Australia began with the growing naturalism movement at the turn of the 19th Century.
The first naturalists arrived in Australia very early. Joseph Banks, a botanist and naturalist was a member of First voyage of James Cook and the First Fleet.
Next Slide: Despite some significant discoveries by botanists ….

5. The growth of environmentalism in Australia
Despite some significant discoveries by botanists such as Joseph Maiden it wasn't for many decades and with the rapid deterioration of native habitat
and growing understanding of
the native environment that the first organised clubs began to
form.
The Field Naturalists Club of Victoria was formed in 1880, followed shortly after by the New South Wales Naturalists Club and a similar organisation was established in Tasmania in Despite the existence of a strong Victorian era zoological movement, there was little emphasis on conservation or management of the environment and in the early days these naturalists were primarily concerned with cataloguing and academia.
Next Slide: In 1908 the Victorian Naturalists Society and the Wilsons Promontory …

6. The growth of environmentalism in Australia
In 1908 the Victorian Naturalists Society and the Wilsons Promontory management committee were involved in advocating for the preservation of the Thylacine, a species being hunted to extinction in Tasmania. Members of that group went on to establish Healesville Sanctuary.
Next Slide: The environmental movement became mainstream …

7. The growth of environmentalism in Australia
The environmental movement became mainstream with public outcry following extensive culling of koalas which occurred in Queensland between 1959 and 1919.
Over one million Koalas were killed bringing the species to the brink of extinction.
Next Slide: The conservation movement, however took some time to grow….

8. The growth of environmentalism in Australia
The conservation movement, however took some time to grow.
Vast areas of Australia were set aside as crown land, however these were seen as areas of potential development and land use rather than for conservation.
Next Slide: In the 1920s, native fauna advisory committees …

9. The growth of environmentalism in Australia
In the 1920s, native fauna advisory committees began to be established to address the concern of rapidly dwindling populations of a
number of mammal
species.
Next Slide: In 1928, the Tasmanian Advisory Committee for Native Fauna …

10. The growth of environmentalism in Australia
In 1928, the Tasmanian Advisory Committee for Native Fauna had recommended a reserve to protect any remaining Thylacines, with potential sites of suitable habitat including the Arthur-
Pieman area of western
Tasmania.
This was also the beginning of a Tasmanian wilderness movement.
Next Slide: You Tube Video- Last Tasmanian Tiger, Thylacine, 1933

11. You Tube Video- Last Tasmanian Tiger, Thylacine, 1933
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Next Slide: However the movement was too little to late to save …

12. The growth of environmentalism in Australia
However the movement was too little to late to save the thylacine from extinction, and the Tasmanian Devil
was also hunted
to the brink of
extinction.
Next Slide: The idea of land conservation …

13. The growth of environmentalism in Australia
The idea of land conservation began 1955, when the Royal National Park in Sydney
was proclaimed.
Previously it had been a recreational area, however it followed the lead of Yellowstone National Park in the United States as a conservation park.
As the conservation movement grew, so too did the number of national parks.
Next Slide: The landcare movement in Australia …

14. The growth of environmentalism in Australia
The landcare movement in Australia was begun by farmers has its root in the 1960s to combat the growing problem of soil erosion and soil salinity which was having an increasing impact in Australia.
Groups of volunteers were formed for projects which promoted revegetation and better resource management. Many of these projects were funded by community groups such as the Returned Services Leagues and Rotary International. Having started locally, the landcare movement gained a national voice in the late 1980s with the foundation of Landcare (organisation) and later Landcare Australia. Despite increasing awareness of greater environmental issues, however a growing conflict was occurring between conservationists and farmers.
Next Slide: The anti-litter movement

15. The growth of environmentalism in Australia
The anti-litter movement The anti-litter movement also had its roots in the 1960s due to the growing problem in Australia of litter as a form of visual pollution.
Keep Australia Beautiful was founded in 1969 and became popular in the 1980s with its "Do the right thing" campaign against littering and its Tidy Towns competition became well known in Australia due to it being a very competitive expression of civic pride.
Next Slide: The rise of the green
movement

16. The growth of environmentalism in Australia
The rise of the green
movement
The first rumblings of
the Australian green movement as a political force came with protests over the Lake Pedder damming project in 1972.
The project caused worldwide publicity and brought the environmental movement to the mainstream in Australia.
The protests included the United Tasmania Group who were the precursor to the Tasmanian Greens and are now recognised as the world's first green party. The group that preceded the Tasmanian Wilderness Society - the South West Tasmania Action Committee continued after the flooding.
Next Slide: You Tube Video- Lake Pedder The Last Summer Pt 1

17. You Tube Video- Lake Pedder The Last Summer Pt 1
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Next Slide: The movement escalated with the Franklin Dam project

18. The growth of environmentalism in Australia
The movement escalated with the Franklin Dam project and Bob Brown was made a martyr for the cause when he was jailed for
environmental
activism.
Next Slide: Anti-nuclear movement

19. The growth of environmentalism in Australia
Anti-nuclear movement
Nuclear testing, uranium mining and export, and nuclear energy have often been the subject of public debate in Australia, and the anti-nuclear movement
has a long history.
Its origins date back to the 1972–73 debate over French nuclear testing in the Pacific and the 1976–77 debate about uranium mining in Australia.
But by the late 1980s, the price of uranium had fallen, and the costs of nuclear power had risen, and the anti-nuclear movement seemed to have won its case. CANE disbanded itself in 1988.
About 2003, proponents of nuclear power advocated it as a solution to global warming and the Australian government began taking an interest. Anti-nuclear campaigners and some scientists in Australia emphasised that nuclear power could not significantly substitute for other power sources, and that uranium mining itself could become a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions.
Next Slide: Several groups specifically concerned …

20. The growth of environmentalism in Australia
Several groups specifically concerned with nuclear issues were established in
the mid-1970s.
This included including the Movement Against Uranium Mining and Campaign Against Nuclear Energy (CANE), cooperating with other environmental groups such as Friends of the Earth and the Australian Conservation Foundation.
Next Slide: Indigenous land

21. The growth of environmentalism in Australia
Indigenous land
An increasing consciousness in Indigenous Australian culture and the practices of sustainable landcare also contributed to an overall increase in popularity of the
environmental movement
and concern for indigenous
peoples.
Additionally the Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1976 which granted indigenous people ownership based on traditional occupation, which effectively locked away large tracts of land from over-development.
Next Slide: The environmental movement reached a peak in the 1980s. …

22. The growth of environmentalism in Australia
Popularity and government action in the 1980s
The environmental movement reached a peak in the 1980s. Popular Australian culture began to embrace the environmental messages
of rock bands like Midnight
Oil.
The sinking of the Rainbow Warrior in New Zealand polarised the community on the green movement. Greenpeace became a symbol to many of the entire movement and was seen at once by many in the community as both intrepid and radical. Nuclear testing and whaling in the Pacific region had major impacts on the social consciousness of Australia.
Next Slide: The environmental movement …

23. The growth of environmentalism in Australia
The environmental movement also became a hot political
issue.
The Australian Labour Party, in particular, began to capitalise on the popularity in its election campaigning with a national conservation and soil conservation strategy.
Next Slide: In July 1989, Bob Hawke made a famous "Our Country, Our Future" …

24. The growth of environmentalism in Australia
In July 1989, Bob Hawke made a famous "Our Country, Our Future" speech that the Australian Labor Party would plant a billion trees to combat soil erosion and declared the 1990s the
"Decade of Landcare".
This was a widely popular decision vindicated by the environmental movement. In the same year, the government introduced the Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Act 1989, the focus of which was to eliminate the use of Chlorofluorocarbons. The widening hole in the ozone layer was of high concern due to Australia's growing rate of skin cancer incidence.
Next Slide: John Howard's Liberal Party government …
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25. The growth of environmentalism in Australia
John Howard's Liberal Party government was known for its stubborn stance to environmental issues.
Howard refused to meet with climate change campaigner Al Gore, refused to acknowledge the Kyoto Protocol and pro-nuclear stance upset many voters. The environment was seen as a critical issue in the 2007 federal elections. In opposition, Kevin Rudd called climate change "the greatest moral, economic and social challenge of our time" and called for a cut to greenhouse gas emissions by 60% before On 3 December 2007, as his first official act after being sworn in, Rudd signed the Kyoto Protocol. Rudd stated that:
Australia's official declaration today that we will become a member of the Kyoto Protocol is a significant step forward in our country's efforts to fight climate change domestically - and with the international community.
Next Slide: However, the Rudd government environmental policy

26. The growth of environmentalism in Australia
However, the Rudd government environmental policy caused controversy with environmental groups when post-Kyoto
cuts to emissions were
subsequently scaled
back.
Next Slide: Bibliography

27. Bibliography
Evans, Raymond (2007). A History of Queensland. Port Melbourne, Victoria: Cambridge University Press. pp. 168. ISBN  
pg 4
Jim Green. Australia's anti-nuclear movement: a short history Green Left Online, 26 August Retrieved 15 October 2009.
Jason Koutsoukis. Rudd romps to historic win The Age, 25 November Retrieved 15 October 2009.
Roy McLeod (1995). "Resistance to Nuclear Technology: Optimists, Opportunists and Opposition in Australian Nuclear History" in Martin Bauer (ed) Resistance to New Technology, Cambridge University Press, pp
Roy McLeod (1995). "Resistance to Nuclear Technology: Optimists, Opportunists and Opposition in Australian Nuclear History" in Martin Bauer (ed) Resistance to New Technology, Cambridge University Press, pp
Rule of reckless vows The Weekend Australian December 27/ page 20
"Australia ratifies Kyoto Protocol". The Sydney Morning Herald Retrieved
Wikipedia- Environmental Movement in Australia-