1. BASIC GENETIC CONCEPTS
Výukový materiál GE
Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková
Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller
Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů
Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/
Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR
2014

2. BASIC GENETIC CONCEPTS
Simplified schema of protein synthesis – according to the information
contained in DNA of the specific gene an RNA-fibre, which goes
into the cytoplasm, where it serves as the pattern for the synthesis
of the particular protein
the basic concept of genetics is a gene (endowment)
it was first used by W. Johannsen in 1903
gene = hereditary transferable base of a sign

3. SIGN - PHENOTYPE
signs: qualities of organisms or cells
signs:
a) morphological (shape and measures of the body)
b) functional (ability to practise a function)
c) mental (intelligence, talent, moral)

4. SIGN - PHENOTYPE
signs appear in various qualities (forms)
the colour of petals can be white, yellow, ….
so the colour is:
a qualitative sign
a monogenous sign > hereditary determined by just one gene

5. SIGN - PHENOTYPE
other signs occur in various mass, grades – quantities
for example – body height, blood pressure
they can be different by different people
because of that these signs are called quantitative

6. SIGN - PHENOTYPE
quantitative genes are measurable
they are hereditary determined by a whole group of genes
each gene has just a small effect >
polygenous signs

7. GENE - GENOTYPE
signs like that are not transferred from parents to descendants like that
only endowments are transferred
endowments – hereditary premises of signs
endowments – information for creation of signs

8. GENE - GENOTYPE
material carrier of signs are genes
genes:
specifically delimited sections of nucleic acids
they determinate signs in their particular qualities and quantities
they occur in two or more particular forms, shapes = alleles

9. GENE - GENOTYPE
the complex of all genes in particular alleles is called its genotype
genotype is always a wider complex than phenotype
genotype determines extension, mass of phenotype possibilities of its carrier

10. GENE - PHENOTYPE
factors of environment can initiate, suppress or modify some parts of genetic programme, it means adapt them
a standard sign cannot develop without a genetic base by any organism
the mass of heredity determination by any sign = degree of heritability
genotype + environment = phenotype

11. WORKSHEET
Simplified schema of protein synthesis – according to the information
contained in DNA of the specific gene an RNA-fibre, which goes
into the cytoplasm, where it serves as the pattern for the synthesis
of the particular protein
COMPLETE
THE PICTURE

12. SOURCES
ŠMARDA, Jan. Genetika: pro gymnázia. 1. vyd. Praha: Fortuna, 2003, 143 s. ISBN