1. Chapter 3 Health Fraud

2. Health Fraud
________an intentional act perpetrated to be deceptive in order to gain something of value.
_________services or articles of unproven effectiveness that are promoted to improve health, well being, or appearance.
Cleverly marketed with half-truths, catchy phrases, gimmicks, deceptions, and testimonials
Testimonials of celebrities, case histories, etc. These are often faked, paid for or sometime actually true.
Results could be from ______________________________________
Placebo effect- _____________________________________
Vague language-” will eliminate acne in just days” (How many?)
“All Natural, ancient secret, money back guarantee, conspiracy theories”
False Analogies- fungus causes flower bulbs to remain dormant so this fungus can make skin cells dormant and thus slow aging. (Really?)..

3. Other Frauds
HIV/AIDS –No cure or preventative treatment (abstinence, protection from blood)
Diabetes- unproven cures, 23 firms received FDA warning letters
Arthritis-pain fluctuates, no cure, only symptom treatments
Cancer- shark cartilage, “sharks don’t have cancer”, FDA prosecuted successfully 3 companies claiming it cures cancer.
Aging- too many to mention

4. Health ______________an intentional deception or misrepresentation that an individual or entity makes knowing that the misrepresentation could result in unauthorized benefit to the individual, to the entity, or to some third party.
_________Quackery: promotion of health practices or remedies that have no compelling scientific basis.
May or may not be intentional
Widespread due to the internet
There is cure for cancer (oxygen)
Eat according to your blood type
Ab stimulator
Reflexology
Iridology
Sexual aids (sea horse, bull’s testicles, duck embryo, etc),
Weight-loss:insert in ear, massage, ear stapling, Herbal bodywraps, etc.

5. Quackery Fitness Machines make it “easy” to lose weight Spot reduction
Faked- before and after images
Other deceptions
Misleading fees (shipping and handling)
Protections
Consumer Reports, online reviews, better business bureau, Angie’s List, etc.