2. INGlÊS
Antônio Donizeti
Verb tenses
(Infinitive, Imperative, Simple Present, Present Continuous, Immediate Future)

3. O verbo to be significa ser e estar em português. Afirmative form
Forma afirmativa
Negative form
Forma negativa
Interrogative form Forma interrogativa
I am-I'm
I am not ---x--- I’m not
am I?
You are-You're
You are not -You aren't -You're not
are you?
He is-He's
He is not - He isn't - He's not
is he?
She is-She's
She is not - She isn't - She's not
is she?
It is-It's
It is not - It isn't - It's not
is it?
We are-We're
We are not - We aren't - We're not
are we?
You are not -You aren't -You're not
They are-They're
They are not -They aren't -They're not
are they?

4. Ex:
I'm Brazilian.
She's an excellent student.
hey are not from São Paulo. They are from Rio.
She isn’t a teacher. She is a doctor.
Are you at work?
Is It a good school?

5. Negative form Forma negativa There are not There aren’t
O verbo there be quer dizer haver, no sentido de existir, em português.
There is - usado antes de coisas ou pessoas no singular.
There are - usado antes de coisas ou pessoas no plural.
Afirmative form
Forma afirmativa
Negative form Forma negativa
Interrogative form
Forma interrogativa
There is -There’s
There are---x---
There is not
There isn’t
There are not There aren’t
Is there?
Are there?

6. Ex:
There is much coffee in the pot.
There are many soldiers in the patio.
There isn’t a good doctor in this hospital.
There aren’t many windows in that house.
Is there a dog in the back yeard?
Are there some cars in the garage?

7. Maria is reading a book now.
Present Continuous- Presente Contínuo
O uso mais importante desse tempo verbal é para indicar que a ação acontece no momento em que se fala.
Maria is reading a book now.
Ex:
What are you doing now? I’m fixing my father’s car.
Listen!, Somebody is knocking at the door.
Sujeito
Verbo auxiliar
Verbo principal +
ing
Advérbio de Tempo

8. Present Continuous- Presente Contínuo
Usamos também para indicar uma ação que ocorre num período de tempo no presente, mas não necessariamente no momento em que se fala. 
Ex:
Paula is reading a book of Machado de Assis.
O “Present Continuous” também é usado para indicar uma ação futura. 
The ship is leaving soon.
We are attending the English class tonight.

9. Present Continuous- Presente Contínuo
Afirmativa
Negativa
Interrogativa
I am studying
You are drinking
He is taking
She is working
It is raining
We are painting
You are reading
They are writing
I’m not studying
You’re not/aren’t drinking
He’s not/isn’t taking
She’s not/isn’t working
It’s not/isn’t raining
We’re not/aren’t painting
You’re not/aren’t reading
They’re not/aren’t writing
Am I studying?
Are you drinking?
Is he taking?
Is she working?
Is it raining?
Are we painting?
Are you reading?
Are they writing?

10. The students always visit the library in the morning.
Simple Present – Presente Simples
O “Simple Present” é usado para ações rotineiras, habituais ou indicando costume.
The students always visit the library in the morning.
Ex:
Paula always has lunch at twelve.
The shop never opens on Sundays.
Sujeito
Adv. de frequência
Verbo principal
Complemento

11. Simple Present – Presente Simples
“Simple Present” quando estabelece um fato, uma verdade universal, uma informação científica. 
Ex:
The Earth goes round the sun.
He lives in Curitiba.
“Simple Present” estabelece uma opinião e descreve um evento que acontecerá no futuro.
They think English is very important in the business world.
The play starts at 9 o’clock sharp tonight

12. Simple Present – Presente Simples
Conjugação do “Present Tense”
AFIRMATIVA
NEGATIVA
INTERROGATIVA
I live
You live
He lives
She lives
It lives
We lives
They live
I don’t (do not) live
You don’t (do not) live
He doesn’t (does not) live
She doesn’t (does not) live
It doesn’t (does not) live
We don’t (do not) live
They don’t (do not) live
Do I live?
Do you live?
Does He live?
Does she live?
Does it live?
Does we live
Do they live?

13. Future Going to
Considera-se um futuro mais possível, uma decisão já tomada, planejado, mais certeza de ocorrer
Ex:
What University are you going to study in São Paulo?
I´m going to study at Unicamp.
What are you going to do after work tonight?
I´m going to a department store in Copacabana to buy some clothes.
My mother thinks it´s going to rain.
She isn't going to the theater tomorrow.

14. Future Will
Refere-se a um futuro incerto, podemos usar com expressões “I THINK”, “MAYBE”, “I´M SURE”."I BELIEVE". Usamos também quando se oferece algo ou se pede um favor.
Ex:
I think my daughter will do well on the Math test.
I´m sure the Brazilian soccer team will win.
Maybe I´ll visit France next year.
I believe I will not wash the car this weekend.
Will you drink a glass of water?
Will you buy me some fruits at the supermarket?

15. Exercises
1) (EFOMM) The companies are expanding their business and they need all the help they can get. So they __________ several people.
a) employ
b) is employing
c) isn’t employing
d) employing
e) are employing

16. The population of the world is __________.
Exercises
2) (FAAP) Complete:
The population of the world is __________.
a) going
b) covering
c) finding
d) growing
e) beginning

17. “They _____________, they are very creative guys”.
Exercises
3) Marque o item que melhor completa a sentença abaixo:
“They _____________, they are very creative guys”.
always making something up
is always making something up
are always making something up
“a” and “b” are correct
all the above alternatives are correct

18. Exercises
4) ( EPCAR) John is a good student, so he ____ to school every day. go
to go
come
goes

19. Exercises 5) ( ESC. NAVAL) Water ____ at 100 degrees Centigrade.
a) boil
b) boils
c) to boil
d) boiling
e) are boiling

20. She __________ German very well.
Exercises
6) (EPCAR) Indicate the alternative that best completes the following sentence:
She __________ German very well.
a) speaks and writes
b) speaks and write
c) speak and writes
d) speak and write

21. Exercises 7) (UNESP)__________ he do his work every morning? a) Do
b) Does
c) Have
d) Has

22. Exercises 8) (ESPCEX) Choose the correct alternative:
A: Who turned up the air conditioner? It’s really cold in here. My nose and my fingers are cold.
B: I __________ you a hot cup of tea.
A: Thanks. That sounds good.
a) will bring
b) won’t bring
c) will not break
d) will break
e) won’t break

23. Exercises 9) (ESPCEX) Read the following sentence:
They're going to have a baby in the spring.
– It expresses something that:
a) is not probable to take place.
b) is not being planned or expected.
c) suddenly happens.
d) is certain or expected to happen.
e) will not happen without planning.

24. Exercises
10) (PUCPR) If I win a lottery I __________ around the world.
a) travel
b) traveled
c) will travel
d) would travel
e) was traveling

25. Reading
Text 1 (UERJ
This image for the Golden Gate National Parks was created as part of an identity project to raise awareness of the parks in the San Francisco area. The mark was created by graphic artist Michael Schwab in an effort "to create icons with a timeless American style to them". The image was used as bus shelter posters, as well as reproduced on T-shirts, mugs and posters for sale at each of the park sites. The response to the image has been greater than expected; many of the transit posters were stolen right out of their frames. A limited edition of 40 × 60 screen-printed posters will be available at "The Louvre", a San Francisco gallery. To receive a catalog of available posters, T-shirts or other items call The Parks at

26. Reading
1) The intention underlying the combination of image and words is to:
a) protect animal life
b) draw city park-goers
c) control sea water pollution
d) sponsor environmental campaigns

27. Reading
2) Public reaction toward the National Park poster can be described as:
a) neutral with positive outcomes
b) negative with insufficient results
c) predicted with sufficient evidence
d) positive with disorderly behavior

28. Reading
Text 2 (EEAR)  
The sun, the beach and the coconut water – the three ingredients that guarantee a perfect summer for millions and millions of Brazilians. Nothing beats drinking cold coconut water to quench your thirsty. It is such a healthy drink that it should not be left only for summer, but should be drunk year round. Coconut water contains a high level of vitamin C and is rich in minerals. Nutritionists say it is very beneficial to human health. It is good for the skin, and digestion, and is also a kind of natural tranquilizer. During the Second World War coconut water was used as saline solution to treat soldiers injured in combat.
GLOSSARY:
nothing beats = nada melhor (expressão idiomática)
saline solution = soro fisiológico

29. Reading
1) The words, underlined in the text, can be, respectively, replaced by
a) to cure / spoiled
b) to care for / insane
c) to take care of / upset
d) to apply medical care to / wounded

30. Reading 2) According to the text, coconut water has shown to be
a) the substance that can cure skin diseases.
b) the syrup that relaxes everybody who tastes it.
c) an irresistible drink because of its sweet flavor.
d) a beverage that can benefit the health of those drinking it.

31. The men who guard the Queen
Reading
Text 3 (EEAR)
The men who guard the Queen
If you’ve ever been to London, you’ve probably seen them: they are the soldiers in bright red jackets or shining helmets who stand outside Buckingham Palace. They are men who can stand absolutely still, even when tourists tell them jokes, touch them, push them, or try to make them move. They may look identical and even march like robots, but they are in fact some of the best-trained soldiers in the British army. Some people are surprised to learn that the guns that the soldiers carry are not just for show: they are loaded!

32. Reading 1) According to the text, the soldiers who guard the Queen
a) carry weapons under their uniforms.
b) wear plain clothes not to call attention to themselves.
c) cannot move when they are standing outside the Palace.
d) are better trained than any other soldiers all over the world.

33. Reading
2) In “The guns are not just for show…”, in the text, the sentence means that the guns are
a) real.
b) fake.
c) only on display.
d) used during special events.