1. Skills Checklist

2. The skills needed for this paper need not be taught in isolation but should be embedded in the 4 taught modules where appropriate

3. Basic Skills
Annotation of illustrated material (Label must be clear, line must touch the feature accurately)

4. Other annotations such as maps, diagrams, graphs, sketches and images

7. Use of overlays
You did this at Cranedale
when using the GIS software
Google Maps

8. Comment on differences between the 2 images (5 marks)

9. Literacy Skills
Adjectives to describe
Understanding command words
Sentence/paragraph structure
Specific terminology

10. Investigative Skills This is the bulk of what you did at Cranedale
Identification of aims, questions and issues and effective approaches to enquiry
What was the aim of your river study?
Hypothesis formulation….

11. Directional:
The river will get wider with distance downstream
Non directional:
The river width will change with distance downstream
Null
There will be no change to river width with distance downstream
You are aiming to collect evidence in order to reject the null hypothesis

13. Purpose = Aims, hypothesis and linked to theory e.g. Bradshaw

14. Enquiry process What are you aiming to do? What does theory suggest?
Hypothesis
Evaluate
Plan
Conclude
Analyse
Gather results
Methodology

15. Collection of qualitative and quantitative evidence
Qualitative = Words
Quantitative = Numbers
Describing the relief
Likert Scale
Velocity mean speed
Adv and Disadvantages?

16. Sampling
Random
Systematic
Opportunity
Stratified

17. Sampling
Random

18. Sampling
Systematic
Stratified

19. Sampling
Opportunity

20. Sampling
Random
Stratified

21. Primary and Secondary data
Primary – Fieldwork
Secondary?
Journals
Other students work
Textbooks
Maps
Census

22. Go over your work from Cranedale and remind yourself of the techniques used in your rivers study

24. Draw an annotated sketch map of the study area (5 marks)

25. Fieldwork
You need to be able to describe techniques, justify their use, understand their limitations
Velocity meter
Width
Depth
Bankfull
Pebble size
Water clarity
This should be what you DID not what you COULD DO. Spend 5 minutes reminding yourself about each technique

27. Processing, presenting (see later slides), analysis (see later slides)
You may be asked about what you did with the data
You may be asked about your choice of presentation techniques or how to actual do those techniques or indeed, the limitations of some of them
You may be asked about your analysis and what you found out

29. For example, “We used proportional divided circles to represent our river load
data. We first calculated the estimated volume (length x breadth x depth) of
each piece of river material and then took an average of the ten sediments. This
gave us an average volume. We then used a simple formula where radius is
equal to the square root of the area divided by π (pi). For area we used the
volume of the pebble measured in cm3
. This gave us a proportional radius
which, using a compass then gave us a proportional circle for location. We then
used an overlay to display this data on a sketch map of the area.”

31. Drawing conclusions and understanding the validity of conclusions
Reliability = Are the results going to be the same every time
Validity = Are you actually measuring what you are claiming?
What factors might damage the validity of a study?

32. Bias – Only asking a survey of young attractive women to get a view of opinions
Data recorded inaccurately – Using black gloves on a water visibility tube

33. Evaluation, including further research opportunities
What went well?
What difficulties did you have?
Any issues of reliability?
Issues of accuracy of data?
Issues of validity?
What about further opportunities for study?

34. Further opportunities?
Go back and get more samples to verify your data
Compare an another local river
New ideas based on unexpected findings

37. Risk Assessment and minimising risk (6 marker below)

38. Cartographic Skills Atlas maps
Heckmondwike = Latitude: 53°42′ N Longitude: 1°40′ W

39. Latitude is commonly the first number expressed in a lat/long coordinate and is often expressed in the form of degrees, minutes, and seconds, for instance: N38°47'30“
Each degree has 60 minutes and each minute has 60 seconds. Seconds can be divided further for more accuracy (e.g. a Sat Nav)

40. Physical, Human, Themed

41. Base Maps

42. Sketch Maps

43. OS Maps
1:25,000
1:50,000

44. Scale, Contours and relief, symbols, direction

45. Maps with proportional symbols

46. Bars

47. Squares
Key
Data for x location – add this to the map

48. Maps showing movement (e.g. flow lines)
Desire Lines = Direct from point to point
Flow Lines – Takes into account routes

49. Flow Line

50. Trip Lines
Shows regular trips (e.g. commuting)

51. Choropleth
Shaded dark/light to show density of chosen criteria (Darkest – highest)
Material must be grouped. How would you classify?
Choropleth

52. Isoline Isoline Points of same value are joined
Need to decide on scale e.g. every 5 degrees
Can shade in-between
Isoline

53. Generic – Isoline
Temperature =
Isobar
Rainfall =
Isohyet
Pressure =
Travel Time =
Isochrone
Height =
Contours

54. Dot
Decide on scale, every dot represents when a certain threhold is met
E.g. Populations of 150,000

59. Graphical Skills
Line graphs (Simple)

60. Compound
The segments all add up

61. Comparitive
Several lines but all separate

62. Divergent

63. Simple Compound Divergent
Graph Type AQA
Simple
Comparative
Compound
Divergent
Also Called:
Bar Charts
Stacked
Population Pyramids
Bi-Polar graphs
Watch out for
One axis has values, the other categories
Can be located
Keep simple,
Up to four categories – more than 5 use separate graph [3 = triangular?]
Often adds up to 100% but can be proportional. Largest value at the top of the stack, no more than 5 divisions]
May be either actual values or percentages. Two sets of data
Looks Like
Bar chart

64. What kind of graph is this?

65. Scattergraphs

68. Pie Charts

70. Triangular Graph

71. Radar Graphs (Radial Diagrams)

73. Logarithmic Scales
The main reason to use logarithmic scales in charts and graphs is to respond to skewness towards large values; i.e., cases in which one or a few points are much larger than the bulk of the data.

74. Dispersion Diagrams

76. ICT skills
Remotely sensed data

78. Use of databases including census, environment agency and met office.
This just means that you are able to understand how data is arranged in columns and tables e.g. Excel spreadsheet

79. Use of GIS (AEGIS) used at Cranedale
Remind yourself about how it works, practical uses and the limitations

80. Presenting data using ICT

81. Statistics Mean Median Mode (measures of central tendency)
3,4,5,5,5,6,7,8,12,15
Mean = 7
Median = 5.5
Mode = 5

82. Dispersion – Standard Deviation and interquartile range

83. We know that the median divides the data into two halves
We know that the median divides the data into two halves. Similarly, the lower quartile divides the bottom half of the data into two halves, and the upper quartile also divides the upper half of the data into two halves.

84. Spearman’s Rank
Spearman's Rank correlation coefficient is a technique which can be used to summarise the strength and direction (negative or positive) of a relationship between two variables

85. Significance Levels
What would these S scores mean?
Sample size 10, S score of 0.65
Sample Size 20, S score of 0.7