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Mass Politics, and Culture
SECONDARY - Riemer & Fout - European Women Industry, Mass Politics, and Culture Taming the City Science and Thought Second Industrial Revolution New Industries Bessemer process German chemical industry New Sources of Power electricity / oil / gasoline
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Taming the City Science and Thought Second Industrial Revolution New Forms of Communication and Transportation *telegraph telephone internal combustion engine *trolley cars *steamships *refrigerated rail cars *bicycles
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Taming the City Science and Thought Second Industrial Revolution *sewage and water systems *public lighting *public housing
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Taming the City New Forms of Industrial Organization corporations Alfred Krupp Alfred Nobel New Industrial Powers Great Britain / Germany / United States balance of power
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KEY CONCEPT 3.2 KEY CONCEPT 3.3
The experiences of everyday life were shaped by industrialization, depending on the level of industrial development in a particular location. KEY CONCEPT 3.3 The problems of industrialization provoked a range of ideological, governmental, and collective responses. Population Growth and Urbanization Population Growth Europe 1800 – 193 million Europe 1900 – 423 million Urbanization 1914: Britain – 80% Germany – 60% France – 45%
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Rich and Poor and Those in Between 723-732
Social Divisions in “La Belle Epoque” “Bell Epoque”, Upper Class (1-2% of population) mansions / domestics
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Rich and Poor and Those in Between 723-732
Social Divisions in “La Belle Epoque” Upper Class (1-2% of population) Thorstein Veblin – “conspicuous consumption”
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Rich and Poor and Those in Between 723-732
Social Divisions in “La Belle Epoque” Middle Class (20-25% of population) “white collar” technology – standard of living urban renewal leisure time
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Rich and Poor and Those in Between 723-732
Social Divisions in “La Belle Epoque” Working Class (75-80% of population) tenements tuberculosis technology – quality of life nationalism suffrage
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Rich and Poor and Those in Between 723-732
leisure time: *parks *sports clubs and arenas *beaches *department stores (catalogs) *museums *theaters and music halls *opera houses
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Changing Family John Stuart Mill – The Subjugation of Women Old Women’s Rights Key Voices Olympe de Gouges, Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Female Citizen, 1789 Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Women, 1792 *Flora Tristan John Stuart Mill, The Subjugation of Women, 1869 Henrik Ibsen, A Doll’s House, 1879 *(these writers generate quotes)
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Changing Family John Stuart Mill – The Subjugation of Women Old Women’s Rights Economic Hardships 1850 – ½ of the workforce = women / children ½ men’s wages Child Labor Laws unions exclude women 1900 – clerks, typists educated women limited
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Changing Family The Goncourt Brothers – On Female Inferiority Old Emmeline Pankhurst – Why We Are Militant Old Legal Discrimination legal subordination divorce – Germany, 1857 / France, 1884 (not Spain or Italy) no franchise
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Changing Family The Goncourt Brothers – On Female Inferiority Old Emmeline Pankhurst – Why We Are Militant Old Women’s Suffrage Movement *Barbara Smith Bodichon National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies – Millicent Garrett Fawcett, 1897 Women’s Social and Political Union – Emmeline Pankhurst, 1903 Epsom Derby, Emily Davison, 1913
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The Goncourt Brothers – On Female Inferiority 224-225 Old
Changing Family The Goncourt Brothers – On Female Inferiority Old Emmeline Pankhurst – Why We Are Militant Old “Angel in the House” “cult of domesticity” “power behind the throne”
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Changing Family The Goncourt Brothers – On Female Inferiority Old Emmeline Pankhurst – Why We Are Militant Old “New Women” longer life / fewer chidren activism fashion changes “male” leisure activities model for future feminists
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*social reform movements
*Sunday School Movement *Temperance Movement *British Abolitionist Movement *Josephine Butler
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The Responsive National State, 1871-1914 766-773
Marxism and the Socialist Movement Age of Mass Politics Key Trends universal male suffrage by 1914 mass political parties trade unions & socialist parties welfare state (socialist party success) balance of power shift *mass-based political parties: *Conservatives and Liberals in Great Britain *Conservatives and Socialists in France *Social Democratic Party in Germany *worker parties: *German Social Democratic Party *British Labour Party *Russian Social Democratic Party
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The Responsive National State, 1871-1914 766-773
Emile Zola – “J’Accuse” the French Army New France Paris Commune, 1871 Third Republic Dreyfus Affair, Emile Zola – “J’Accuse” Theodore Herzl – The Jewish State *(Dreyfus/Zola/Zionism – frequent questions)
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The Responsive National State, 1871-1914 766-773
Great Britain Irish Question Act of Union, 1801 *Great Famine Charles Parnell William Gladstone / Liberals Ulsterites Home Rule Bill, 1914 Easter Rebellion
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The Responsive National State, 1871-1914 766-773
Great Britain William Gladstone / Liberals Franchise Act of 1884 health and unemployment insurance
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The Responsive National State, 1871-1914 766-773
Modernization of Russia and the Ottoman Empire Germany Bismarck – social welfare Kulturkampf Wilhelm II, Bismarck resignation, 1890
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The Responsive National State, 1871-1914 766-773
Modernization of Russia and the Ottoman Empire Russia autocracy and repression Alexander III, *Sergei Witte Nicholas II, Russofication pogroms
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The Responsive National State, 1871-1914 766-773
Modernization of Russia and the Ottoman Empire Russia Kadets Social Democrat split, 1903 Mensheviks Bolsheviks, Lenin
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The Responsive National State, 1871-1914 766-773
Modernization of Russia and the Ottoman Empire Russia Russo-Japanese War, 1904 Revolution of 1905 “Bloody Sunday” Duma *Peter Stolypin
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The Responsive National State, 1871-1914 766-773
Hermann Ahlwardt – The Semetic Versus the Teutonic Race Old Theodor Herzl – The Jewish State Old *anti-Semitism: *pogroms *Dreyfus Affair *Christian Social Party in Germany *Karl Lueger, mayor of Vienna *Zionism: *Theodor Herzl
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Taming the City Science and Thought Science and the Age of Progress Bacterial Revolution Louis Pasteur Robert Koch Joseph Lister lifespan expands by 15 years
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Taming the City Charles Darwin – Natural Selection Old Science and Thought Herbert Spencer – Survival of the Fittest Applied to Humankind New Science and the Age of Progress Charles Darwin and the Theory of Evolution On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, 1859 Social Darwinism Herbert Spencer
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KEY CONCEPT 3.6 European ideas and culture expressed a tension between objectivity and scientific realism on one hand, and subjectivity and individual expression on the other. Modern Art Modernity camera bourgeois patronage
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Modern Art Impressionism Claude Monet Pierre-Auguste Renoir *Edgar Degas
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Modern Art Post-Impressionism Paul Cezanne Vincent Van Gogh
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Modern Art Cubism Georges Braque Pablo Picasso *Henri Matisse
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Making Comparisons: Raphael and Picasso
School of Athens classicism harmony, proportion, balance Renaissance patronage Les Desmoiselles d’Avignon underside of society cubist technique – no harmony, proportion, balance limited bohemian audience
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