1. Utopian Visions: Week 3 Assessment:
Summative: 6k or 8k-word essay due April 25
Formative: quiz next week in seminar; 2k-word essay due January 10; class presentation; groupwork exercise
My consultation and feedback times: RHB 289, Wednesday 9-10 am, Thursday am and by appointment

2. Lengiz publishing house poster, 1928

3. Soviet Union: Physical Map

6. The Great Terror, 1937-38: Explanations 1
Totalitarian (e.g. Robert Conquest), 1950s-80s:
Strong dictator, centrally organised terror
Society atomised, no resistance
Commonalities between Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, and USSR
Revisionist (e.g. Arch Getty, Sheila Fitzpatrick), 1980s:
Weak dictator, terror from below: people participate in terror for instrumental reasons
Self-radicalising dynamics of terror

7. The Great Terror, 1937-38: Explanations 2
War Scare (e.g. Oleg Khlevniuk), 1990s:
Strong dictator, centrally organised terror
Fear of 5th Column (Spanish Civil War)
Discursive (e.g. Igal Halfin), 1990s:
Logic of Bolshevik language leads to terror once utopia is proclaimed achieved in 1936 Stalin Constitution
Agency rests in language itself

8. Soviet National Anthem 1922: The Internationale
CHORUS:
So comrades, come rally,
And the last fight let us face.
The Internationale, Unites the human race.
The Internationale,
Unites the human race.

9. Soviet National Anthem 1944
An unbreakable union of free republics, Great Rus' joined together forever. Long live the creation of the will of the people, The united, mighty Soviet Union! CHORUS: Be glorious, our free motherland! Friendship of peoples is a strong bastion! Flag of the Soviets, Flag of the people, Let it lead from victory to victory! Through storms the sun of freedom has shined upon us, And the great Lenin has lighted the way, Stalin has taught us faithfulness to the people, To labour, and inspired us to great feats! Happiness of peoples is a strong bastion! We brought our army to the battles. We shall brave the despicable invaders from the street! In battles we shall decide the fate of generations, We shall lead to the glory of the Motherland! The glory of peoples is a strong bastion!

10. After 1945: Soviet Sphere of Influence

12. After 1991: Former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe