1. Wednesday, August 26, 2015 TARGETS: HOMEWORK:
TAKE OUT: binder, Evidence for Evolution Handout
TARGETS:
IV: Use evidence from various disciplines of science to support theory of evolution by natural selection
HOMEWORK:
Complete Evidence for evo: Any parts you didn’t finish today by Friday
STUDY for Vocab Quiz #1 Tomorrow
My Brother the Ape

2. EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
Direct evidence from experimentation
Biogeography: distribution of species now & in the past
Plate Techtonics
Fossils – PALEONTOLOGY (relative or actual age of fossils)
Comparative anatomy: EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY (Homologous & vestigial structures used to infer common ancestry)
Embryological development – EMBRYOLOGY
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: similarities btwn species for DNA nucleotide & amino acid sequence of proteins

3. Who is a paleontologist?
" I am a Paleontologist"
A paleontologist is someone who searches for, studies, and identifies fossils of extinct organisms
“PALEO” = old
“ONTOLOGY” = study of life forms
How do paleontologists determine the age of fossils?
Relative position (stratigraphy): fossils found in deeper rock layers (strata) are older than the fossils found in rock strata closer to the surface (QUALITATIVE)
Radiometric Dating: determine the ratio of a radio-active isotope to a normal isotope (14C:12C) in fossil to calculate the exact age of fossil (QUANTITATIVE)

4. Video Clips
Clip 1-Hank
Clip 2- Plate Techtonics

5. Radiometric
495 mya
510 mya
520 mya
545 mya
qualitative
quantitative
YOUNGEST
Evidence for Evolution Paleontologists determine age of fossils & rocks using two methods
OLDEST

6. Evidence for Evolution – Paleonotologist
1. B
2. C
3. B
4. B
5. D
6. directly

7. Evidence for Evolution: Embryology
Complete the embryo development puzzle:
There are FIVE different animals in the puzzle
Each animal has an early, middle, and late embryonic phase picture
Animal #1 - LATE
Animal #1 - MIDDLE
Animal #1 - EARLY
Animal #2 - LATE
Animal #2 - MIDDLE
Animal #2 - EARLY
Animal #3 - LATE
Animal #3 - MIDDLE
Animal #3 - EARLY
Animal #4 - LATE
Animal #4 - MIDDLE
Animal #4 - EARLY
Animal #5 - LATE
Animal #5 – MIDDLE
Animal #5 – EARLY

8. Evidence for Evolution: Embryology
late
middle
early
FISH
FROG
CHICKEN
COW
HUMAN

9. Evidence for Evolution: Embryology
late
middle
early
FISH
FROG
CHICKEN
COW
HUMAN

10. Evidence for Evolution – Embryology
3. Describe three SIMILARITIES between embryos of EARLY developmental stage:
4. Describe three SIMILARITIES between embryos of LATE developmental stage:
5. Describe three differences between embryos of LATE developmental stage:
6. Identify which organisms are more closely related based on embryological evidence. Cite evidence to support your inference.

11. Comparative Embryology

12. Evidence for Evolution – Embryology
The more time organisms resemble each other during embryological development, the more closely related the organisms are to one another.
The more similarities between organisms during a long period of embryological time, the more likely the organisms share a recent, common ancestor.

13. Comparative Biochemistry

14. Evidence for Evolution: Molecular Homology
Organism
# of DNA differences compared to human
# similarities (180 - # diff)
% Similarity to Humans
(# similarities / 180) * 100
CHIMPANZEE
GORILLA
ORANGUTAN

15. Evidence for Evolution: Molecular Homology

16. Evidence for Evolution: Molecular Homology
Organism
# of DNA differences compared to human
# similarities (180 - # diff)
% Similarity to Humans
(# similarities / 180) * 100
CHIMPANZEE 1
GORILLA 5
ORANGUTAN
104

17. Evidence for Evolution: Molecular Homology
Organism
# of DNA differences compared to human
# similarities (180 - # diff)
% Similarity to Humans
(# similarities / 180) * 100
CHIMPANZEE 1
179
GORILLA 5
175
ORANGUTAN
104 76

18. Evidence for Evolution: Molecular Homology
Organism
# of DNA differences compared to human
# similarities (180 - # diff)
% Similarity to Humans
(# similarities / 180) * 100
CHIMPANZEE 1
179
99.4%
GORILLA 5
175
97.2%
ORANGUTAN
104 76
42.2%

19. Molecular Homology Analysis Qs
1. Explain, citing evidence, which of the apes is most closely related to humans.
2. Explain, citing evidence, which of the apes is most distantly related to humans.
3. What is the relationship between time & the number of mutations that are present in the DNA of an organism?

20. Molecular Homology Analysis Qs
4. Does the data in Table 2 (below) support your conclusions made using Table #1 data? Explain why or why not.

21. Molecular Homology Analysis Qs
5. If a segment of gibbon DNA were sampled, what do you believe the % similarity to humans might be? (state an approximate answer)

22. Molecular Homology Analysis Qs
6. Describe how molecular biologists provide evidence for evolution.