1. SMART MATERIALS

2. Types of smart materials
Smart materials respond to environmental changes such as light or temperature
They are also known as responsive materials and are becoming more and more common throughout the developed world
Phosphorescent and Luminescent materials
Thermo Chromic paints
Smart Wire
Smart Metals
Polymorph
Smart grease

3. Thermochromic Inks Inks that change colour with temperature
Useful on marketing materials
Has your egg been hot enough
for long enough?
Interesting gimmicks !
A 2d temperature gauge

4. Photochromic Materials
Materials that change colour when exposed to light
Possible Applications:
energy-efficient windows that switch from transparent to opaque spontaneously upon exposure to increasing levels of sunlight

5. Electro-rheostatic (ER) and magneto-rheostatic (MR) materials
These fluids can change from a thick fluid (similar to motor oil) to nearly a solid substance within the span of a millisecond when exposed to a magnetic or electric field; the effect can be completely reversed just as quickly when the field is removed.
MR Applications
car shocks
damping washing machine vibration
prosthetic limbs,
exercise equipment
surface polishing of machine parts
ER Applications
Viscous clutches
Valves
Reduced noise engine mounts

6. Polymorph Supplied as granules
When heated to 62 degrees or above in water they form a ply able solid
Useful for forming :
handles/grips
Complex shapes
Prototype patterns for casting or moulding
Completing complex assemblies

7. Memory Enhanced Wire
This wire is a metal wire with properties enabling it to be moulded into shape during the manufacturing process.
It is then cooled, and by the company wishing to use it bent into a different desired shape
When a current is passed through it, it returns to the original manufactured shape.
There are not many uses for this wire in industry but is occasionally used in schools as a bi-metallic strip – 2 metals which when heated and cooled, bend and straighten, respectively.

8. What are they?
Smart metals are metals which change their properties in different environments.
They can also change in response to the environment they are in.
There are many applications these days that would not be associated with smart metals.

9. Glasses
Glasses are the most common and well known application for smart metals
The metal used is called Flexium™.

10. Flexium™
Flexium™ is a superelastic ß titanium alloy ideally suited for orthodontic, orthopedic and other medical applications. Devices and appliances made of Flexium™ offers the following advantages:
Low modulus compatible with bone elasticity
Good strain recovery
Excellent biocompatibility (discussed later)
The alloy has excellent flexibility and low modulus and can be used in either cast or wrought condition. The devices made of Flexium™ can be fabricated by casting, cold working and/or machining, and can be readily joined to other Ti (titanium) components and coated to finish.

11. Medical Uses Flexium is widely used in the medical industry.
It is used for CARDIOLOGY NEUROLOGY RADIOLOGY VASCULAR SURGERY
It is a well known biomaterial because of this use of the material

12. Stents Flexium is used in the manufacture of stents.
These are implanted into peoples hearts for surgery such as heart bypasses.
The material needs to be safe to humans if it is to go into someone permanantly
They are made using laser cut techniques
They are flexable and so when they get to the heart they can easily open without breaking

13. Other uses Endo-Surgery Telescopic instruments High pressure sealing
Guidewires

14. Orthodontics Aerospace and Defense Properties include
Dental arches made from round, square or rectangular wires
Low constant force add to patient comfort and eliminate re-tightening.
Kink resistant endodontic files.
Again they are used because of there biomaterial properties
Properties include
Heat shrinkable
High crimping force
Vibration resistant
They are used in aerospace and defense because of its properties and not to much attention is spared to cost as safety comes first

15. Phosphorescent AKA ‘luminescent’
Phosphorescent materials are also known as ‘luminescent’ materials which means to give off light
Phosphorescent products are not made from a specific phosphorescent material, rather they contain or are coated in a phosphorescent compound, usually zinc chloride, which gives off a pale green glow
Different compounds can be used to give colours but these are much less common than zinc chloride. For example alkaline earth sulphides give a red or blue afterglow

16. So what do they actually do?
Coating products/materials in a phosphorescent coating causes a ‘glow in the dark’ effect
In other words the phosphorescent product ‘absorbs’ light and after the light source is removed continue to glow for a period of time
This glow is caused by the atoms becoming ‘excited’ when light is shone on them. This means they have more energy and after they have become ‘excited’, gradually release this energy in the form of coloured light
Phosphorescence is not be confused with fluorescence. Fluorescent materials only emit/reflect light while there is a light source
Phosphorescence is measured in milicandles per metre squared and is a measure of light intensity from the material
Using this measurement it was found that a type of phosphorescent compound glowed visibly for 8 hours after only being ‘charged’ with a lamp for one minute!

17. Smart Springs Made from any alloy of nickel/titanium
At room temperature the spring is fully extended manually
By heating up or applying a small electric current the spring will return to its original position and carry a load
Possible applications
Emergency shutter in case of fire of:
Bin lids
Blinds
windows

18. Piezo electric materials
Piezoelectric materials create electrical charge when mechanically stressed

19. And an applied electrical field can cause them to change their shape or
dimensions.
Electricity

20. They are natural materials such as
Quartz, barium titanate and cadmium sulfide
Quartz

21. Piezo electrics in use….
The following picture shows a vehicle classification sensor. Piezo electrics are used here to weigh moving vehicles….
A piezo electric material is encased in aluminium housing and the connected to a computer which interprets the data recorded.

22. Another use of piezo electrics is an acoustic transducer
A piezoelectric acoustic transducer is attached
to the side of this guitar.
The transducer converts the sound produced by the
Guitar into an electrical signal
This signal is then amplified and is broadcast over loud speakers

23. Other products: Medical Ultrasound Imaging Transducers
Piezo Ink Jet Heads
Automotive Knock Sensor, Geophones, Hydrophones
Tank Gauging

24. ELECTRO LUMINESCENT Introduction to the Material What the material is?
How it works?
The different places and variation in where the
material is used

25. What the Material is?
Electro luminescent lighting comes in two different types cable and sheet.
The use for the material is that it gives you the opportunity to integrate light on nearly any surface, contour or object.
The sheets can be cut into any shape.
The sheet allows a design to stand out yet not taking the attention away from the design. An electro luminescent sheet projects a continuous 180-degree light and comes in 8 different colours.

26. How it works?
There are several layers in Electro luminescent Cable. Each layer of the wire has a different job to add to the overall function of the wire.
Outer transparent plastic coating
Inner transparent plastic coating
Two Signal Wires
Solid strand Of wire
Phosphor

27. How the colours are created
To get the different colours of the cable from the two core colours a filter on the outer or inner transparent plastic coating is needed. Here is a list of how to achieve different colours using different filters :-
Deep Sea Blue - Blue outer casing, Blue-green EL Cable Neon Purple - purple outer casing, Blue-green EL Cable Gleaming White - clear outer casing, white EL Cable Lightning Green - green outer casing, blue-green EL cable Fluorescent Yellow Green - yellow green outer casing, blue-green EL Cable Electric Yellow - golden yellow outer casing, White EL cable Blood Red - fluorescent red outer casing, Blue-Green EL Cable
Ice Blue - Clear outer casing, Blue Green EL cable.
Colors and brightness can be altered by the frequency and voltage of the inverter as well.

28. Where is it used?
Electro luminescent material is used in many different locations and for many different reasons. One of the factors which effect this is the range of colours which draws in potential customers.
Here are a few examples of where it may be used :-
To illuminate stairs in theatres and in cinemas

29. Used for decoration

30. Architectural Clothing POP Displays Pet Accessories Automobiles
They can be applied to : -
Architectural
Clothing
POP Displays
Pet Accessories
Automobiles
Trucks & Buses
Retail Environments
Sporting Goods
Graphics and Signs
Amusement Parks
Arcades
Restaurants
Theatre Sets
Roadway Marking
Appliances
Toys & Games
Casinos
...almost anywhere