1. Swati Mishra a* and Dr. Ashish Verma b
OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND THERMOLUMINESCENCE STUDY OF Pr(III) AND Nd(III) ACTIVATED BORAX GLASSES
ICSEM-2014
Swati Mishra a* and Dr. Ashish Verma b
a* Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, b Department of Physics, Dr. H. S. Gour Central University Sagar(M.P.) *Corresponding Author:
INTRODUCTION
Lanthanide : Used as Network formers, Modifiers or
luminescent ions , Unique optical, thermal,
electrical and magnetic properties
Borax Glasses: Easily synthesized, High Chemical Durability
Lanthanum doped borax glasses are considered as the new generation of optical glasses with a high refractive index and a low mean dispersion for their use in the design of optical devices
Optical and Thermoluminescence study of Pr(III) and Nd(III) doped borax glasses gives their suitable transition for Laser material and phosphors
RESULTS
OPTICAL ABSORPTION SPECTRA OF Pr(III) AND Nd(III) ) IONS IN BORAX MEDIUM
Chart speed =80 mm/min
Spectra Speed= 80 mm/min
Sensitivity =1000/1000 mv
Oscillator strength values For
MP1 = x 10-9
MP2 = x 10-9
MP3 = x 10-9
MP4 = x 10-9
MN1 = x 10-9
MN2 = x 10-9
MN3 = x 10-9
MN4 = x 10-9
a : MP1 b : MP2
c : MP3 d : MP4
a : MN1 b : MN2
c : MN3 d : MN4
EXPERIMENTAL: SAMPLE PREPARATION AND ANALYSIS
Materials: AR grade reagent Na2B4O7.10H2O, 99% pure nitrate
of Pr(III) and Nd(III)
Composition Proportion:
Sample Preparation: Melt Quench Technique
30 minute temperature oC
45 minute temperature oC
Photographs of Two Prepared Glass sample:
Pr (III)-matrix glass Nd(III)- Matrix Glass
UV-VIS Spectral study: Using Perkin Elmer Lambda Spect.
Lambda range nm for Pr(III)
nm for Nd(III)
Thermoluminescence Study : Using TL 1009 recorder
Between temperature range C
Structural XRD study: Using Rigaku D-2000
voltage 40KV, current 100 mA
Pr (III) nitrate/ Nd (III) nitrate + Borax Powder heated in muffle furnace
Decomposition
Glass Plate
For MP4 Glass
Intermediate Transition Level = 3P1→3H6
Branching Ratio = 80 %
Relaxation Timing = 9.1 µs
For MN1 Glass
Intermediate Transition Level = 4G7/2→4I11/2
Branching Ratio = 67 %
Relaxation Timing = 5 µs
RADIATIVE TRANSITION PROBABILITIES (AT) (S-1) AND RADIATIVE LIFETIMES (ΤR)(µS) OF CERTAIN EXCITED STATES OF Pr(III) AND Nd(III) -MATRIX GLASSES
Glass AT τR
3P1→3H6
4G7/2→4I11/2 β σ
[MP1]
134526
7.4
0.77
131
[MN1]
197393 5
0.67
262
[MP2]
130918
7.6
0.78
130
[MN2]
179786
5.5
0.65
231
[MP3]
117661
8.5
0.80
122
[MN3]
221352
4.5
0.64
273
[MP4]
109469
9.1
0.87
[MN4]
132557
7.5
0.43
114
SERIES
Glass Name
Compositions
Refractive indices
FIRST
MP1
98%Na2B4O7.10H2O+2% Pr(NO3)2.6H2O
1.515
MP2
96%Na2B4O7.10H2O+4% Pr(NO3)2.6H2O
1.508
MP3
94%Na2B4O7.10H2O+6% Pr(NO3)2.6H2O
1.503
MP4
92%Na2B4O7.10H2O+8% Pr(NO3)2.6H2O
1.501
SECOND
MN1
97.5%Na2B4O7.10H2O+2.5%Nd(NO3)2.6H2O
1.518
MN2
95.0%Na2B4O7.10H2O+5.0%Nd(NO3)2.6H2O
1.517
MN3
92.5%Na2B4O7.10H2O+7.5%Nd(NO3)2.6H2O
1.511
MN4
90.0%Na2B4O7.10H2O+10 %Nd(NO3)2.6H2O
1.507
THERMOLUMINESCENCE SPECTRA OF Pr(III) AND Nd(III) ) IONS IN BORAX MEDIUM
MP4 GLASS
Four Trapping states obtained for Pr (III) –matrix between the temperature range C and three trapping states obtained for Nd (III) –matrix between the temperature range C The first peak is more prominent than the other peaks.
MN1 GLASS
The value of activation energy is 0.88 eV for the first peak for both glasses.
The activation energy was calculated by Grosswiener’s and Halperin and Braner's formula were found to be greater than the one by Randall and Wilkin’s formula.
The activation energy calculated by the Chen's three formulae for general order kinetics agree with each other in almost all cases.
ACTIVATION ENERGY AND TRAP DEPTH PARAMETER FOR ONE GLASS IN EACH SERIES
Glass name
Peak
no.
Temp
Symmetry Factor
µg =
δ/W
Activation energy assuming
mixed order Kinectics in eV
Activation energy assuming R. Chen general order kintetics in eV
Randall & Wilkins Formula S=109
Sec-1
Grosswiener
Formula Corrected by Chen
Halperin
& Braner Eζ Eδ EW
MP4 1
496.28
0.53
0.88
2.79
2.94
3.57
3.19
3.38 2
474.51
0.49
0.84
2.36
2.48
2.85
2.68
2.78 3 4
453.43
419.94
0.41
0.51
0.81
0.75
1.72
1.12
1.79
1.15
1.75
1.36
1.65
1.31
MN1
494.06
0.46
2.35
2.46
2.67
2.57
2.65
470.18
0.48
2.11
2.21
2.47
2.37
2.44
443.91
0.36
0.79
0.94
0.95
0.85
0.72
X-RAY DIFFRACTION PATTERNOF Pr(III) AND Nd(III) IONS IN BORAX MEDIUM
MP4 GLASS
MN1 GLASS
MP4 GLASS
The molten glassy type matrix for all the mediums shown by the XRD pattern were found to peculiarly similar for all the glasses.
CONCLUSION
Oscillator strength values for Pr- matrix show a gradual increase with increasing the concentration of Pr(III) in Matrix. Reverse trend obtained in case of Nd(III).
Branching Ratio is greater for MP4 and MN1 glasses, so these composition may be the most suitable material for Laser.
In Thermoluminescence study, a broad band with no structure is found which is due to the presence of trivalent rare earth with a defect, possibly a vacancy, and this combination is involved in the energy state responsible for broad band emission.
The result of Thermoluminescence analysis of glasses states that these glasses can be used as energy storage devices.
XRD patterns of glasses show that prepared glasses are amorphous in nature, because there is no sharp peak found.
PUBLICATIONS
Study of the effect of Eu, Nd, and Sm activator on glow curves of CaO Phosphors, J. of Current Science, 2008,
12(2),
Trap Depth Evaluation of Nd, Eu and Sm Doped CaO phosphors, J. of Current Science, 2008, 12(2),
Spectral Investigations of Pr (III) doped Borax glasses, The IUP J. Phys., 2011, 4(1), 7-13.
Spectroscopic and Luminescence studies of Nd(III) and Sm(III) activated Borax Glasses, International J. Applied
Phys. (Research India Publication, Delhi) (accepted).
Spectroscopic Investigation of Pr(III) and Nd(III) in α–alanine, valine, leucine and threonine medium, National Symposium on Advances in Laser and spectroscopy, Dr. H. S. Gour University Sagar, February 27-28, 2009.
Electronic Spectral Parameters of Nd(III) in Dense Naclo4 Environment, National Conference on Solid State Ionics: Materials for Novel Devices, Dr. H. S. Gour University Sagar, December 7-9, 2009.
Thermoluminescence study of Borax Glasses activated by Nd and Sm, National Conference on Luminescence and its Applications, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, February 7-9, 2011.
Conclusion
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The Head, Department of Physics, Dr. H. S. Gour University, Sagar (M.P.), Prof. S. N. Limaye, Department of Chemistry, Dr. H. S. Gour University, Sagar (M.P.),
Pandit Ravi Shanker Shulk University, Raipur (Chhatisgarh) University Grant Commision, Govt. of India, New Delhi