1. The Evolution of Cities

2. Why do cities exist?
Brainstorm!

3. Why are Cities Located where they are?
Brainstorm!

7. Why are Cities Located where they are?
Some places on the map have a higher growth potential than other places. This is because:
Favorable Site
Favorable Situation

8. Site
Site always refers to terrain features associated with a city, or to its globe grid location.
Favorable Sites:
Break of bulk locations
Head of navigation/ bay head
Rail Head
security site characteristics
favorable resources.

9. Site – Break of Bulk
A classic example is a city near a waterfall – where shipments by river must be loaded onto trucks or railcars for further shipment.
This process may take several days, so these cities will specialize in services for dock workers and transporters.

11. Site – Head of Navigation/Bay Head.
Also Break of Bulk Points, as well as outgoing shipping points

14. Railhead

15. Site - Security
Previously, security and defense from invading armies motivated the consideration of site.

17. Site – Coal and other Resources

18. Situation
Situation indicates relative location that places a settlement in relation to the physical and cultural characteristics of surrounding areas. Situation is more nearly unique to each settlement and does not lend itself to easy generalization.

19. How might the situations of the following cities affect their growth potential?
Boise, Idaho
Toronto, Canada
Miami, Florida
Rome, Italy
Hong Kong

20. Circular and Cumulative Causation
“A successful urban unit may acquire new populations and functions attracted by the already existing markets, labor force, and urban facilities. The original site may no longer be important.”
In other words, why does this city exist? Because people have gathered here, so more people have gathered here.
Example: Dallas.

21. Why do Cities Grow?
Answer that question with your partner.

22. Why do cities grow? All cities need Basic jobs.
Basic jobs are jobs that draw more money into a city. These are generally “export” jobs. Money flows INTO the community from outside places.
Nonbasic jobs: Provide goods or services to residents in the city.
These numbers assume a population of about a million:
Basic employment provides a multiplier effect: every one basic job adds two more nonbasic jobs.
Losing 1 basic job means losing 2 more nonbasic jobs.

23. Time Periods of Cities Ancient Cities Cities of the Industrial Era
Cities of the Post Industrial Era?

24. Ancient Cities Developed around 6000 BCE
Required an agricultural surplus so that people could be employed in non agricultural jobs
What was at the center? the temple, the priests, the ruler, the palace district, the market
Walls
Draw a plan of an ancient city!

26. Industrial Cities Much more spatially extensive
What was at the center? Generally a CBD, with radiating railroads and mass transportation to move workers and materials to factories
Housing for workers radiated from the center.
Draw a plan of an industrial city!

27. Post Industrial What will the cities of the future look like?
How will transportation and communication improvements in the digital age change the spatial layout of the city?

28. Current Trends in Cities
Developed world urban populations as percentage of population max out at 80% - why?

29. Current Trends in Cities
Where would you expect the largest cities in the world to be – what category of country?
Where would you expect the fastest growing cities in the world to be – what category of country?

30. Current Trends in Cities
Almost all urban growth is happening in the developing world, for two reasons:
The developing world has higher birth rates
The developing world has larger rural to urban migration streams.

31. Current Trends in Cities
54% of the world is officially urban.
Since Ms. Skoyles was in high school, these are the first decades in human history that we have been majority urban dwellers.

32. Current Trends in Cities
Conurbations: from Latin root “con” meaning with – so a “with city”, a city with another city
Examples?

33. Current Trends in Cities
Largest type of conurbations: Megalopolis (plural: megalopolises or megalopoleis or megalopoli)
Examples?
So all megalopoli are conurbations, but not all conurbations are megalopoli.
“Big City” Polis = Greek for city Mega = Greek for really big

40. What do they almost all have in common?
Using an Atlas from the back of the room, label the following cities on your map. These are the largest cities in the world!
What do they almost all have in common?
New york
Los Angeles
Mexico City
Rio de Janeiro
Buenos Aires
Sao Paulo
Lagos
Cairo
Baghdad
Karachi
Delhi
Mumbai
Dhaka
Kolkata
Jakarta
Beijing
Shanghai
Manila
Tokyo
Osaka

41. Important Trend Slums (what do we call them? Why?)
Our World Living With Slums(philiphines)