1. RECAP a) Is the world’s population increasing or decreasing?
b) Describe in detail the structure of the UK’s population. Refer to birth rates, death rates and life expectancy.
c) Compare the differences between the population structure of the UK and India.

2. FACTORS AFFECTING BIRTH AND DEATH RATES
LESSON 04
FACTORS AFFECTING BIRTH AND DEATH RATES

3. LEARNING INTENTIONS We are learning to:
Explain the factors affecting birth and death rates

4. SUCCESS CRITERIA We are able to:
Complete a co-operative task to identify the factors affecting birth and death rates in developed and developing countries
Complete tables to analyse a population pyramid of a developed and a developing country

5. FACTORS AFFECTING BIRTH AND DETAH RATES
Identify which of these factors would mean; A: low birth rates in developed countries B: low death rates in developed countries C: High birth rates in developing countries D: High death rates in developing countries
EXTENSION: What can be done to reduce the birth rates in developing countries?

6. LOW BIRTH RATES IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
Family planning clinics enable women to seek advice
Women’ status in society has improved (no longer seen as sorely child bearers)
contraception more readily available and free on NHS
LOW BIRTH RATES IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
For 21stC women careers are more important than having a family
Increased demand for material possessions (e.g. cars) instead of having children
Cost of raising a family has increased and couples cannot afford to have many children
People marry later so less opportunity for large families.

7. LOW DEATH RATES IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
Increased world trade means can afford to import variety of food to ensure balanced diet
Advances in modern medical science (e.g. heart surgery) and medical care is free
Food storage and refrigeration have improved food quality and quantity
LOW DEATH RATES IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
Children and elderly are given vaccinations to prevent diseases (e.g. flu)
Modern technology (e.g. irrigation) enhanced food production so shortages have been eliminated
Improvements in clean piped water and sanitation ensure other diseases (e.g. cholera) prevented
Lower infant mortality rates means people do not have to have as many children to ensure some survive

8. HIGH BIRTH RATES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
In some areas children are viewed as a sign of virility so people have more babies
Children are needed to work and bring in an income for the family
Certain religions (e.g. Catholicism) encourage large families
HIGH BIRTH RATES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Children are required to look after parents in old age due to lack of pensions
Parents have more children in the hope some survive as infant mortality rates are high
Absence of contraception and knowledge of how to use it as literacy rates are often low
Family planning clinics unavailable as lack of health care services

9. HIGH DEATH RATES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
War (e.g. Afghanistan)
A lack of crops due to drought, famine or natural disasters means food supplies are uncertain
HIGH DEATH RATES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
People suffer from malnutrition and starvation
Poor health services (e.g. lack of medicines) means people die from treatable illnesses (e.g. diarrhoea)
Poor sanitation and lack of clean drinking water means people are more susceptible to diseases (e.g. dysentery)
High levels of endemic diseases (e.g. malaria)

10. FACTORS AFFECTING BIRTH AND DETAH RATES
EXTENSION: What can be done to reduce the birth rates in developing countries?
China used the one child policy to help reduce growth. The government took away benefits from families if they didn’t follow this rule (e.g. childcare). They encouraged the use of birth control (e.g. sterilisation). Abortion is legal in China and is widely used.
Some countries (e.g. Indonesia) introduced free contraception
Some countries used sex education

11. CONTROLLING AND REDUCING BIRTH RATES

12. FACTORS AFFECTING BIRTH AND DETAH RATES
Analyse the population pyramid of a developing country by completing the table (p22). Analyse the population pyramid of a developed country by completing the table (p23)
EXTENSION: Compare the two population pyramids.

13. wide
high
high
dependents
Lack of family planning
High infant mortality rate
Need for workers in agriculture
Religious beliefs
Children viewed as economic assets
Large family traditions
narrows
high
decreasing
High levels of disease
Famine
Lack of clean water and sanitation
Lack of health care/poor access
Lack of education
war
high
rapidly
low
death
low
elderly
Poor geriatric care
Inadequate welfare systems
Overcrowding
Malnutrition

14. narrow
low
low
Increased family planning and availability of contraception
Lower infant mortality rate
Less need for workers in agriculture due to mechanisation
Increased standard of living
Changing status of women
Materialistic lifestyles
dependents
uniform
low
high
Accessible and widespread health care (e.g. vaccine, penicillin)
Improved hygiene
Improved sanitation
Improved food production and storage
wide
declining
large
increased
elderly
Advances in geriatric and community care
State and private pensions
Rising living standards
Specialised housing
Improved diets

15. RECAP a) Describe the life expectancy in a developing country
b) Explain why death rates are higher in developing than developed countries
c) Explain why birth rates are low in developed countries like the UK

16. 2015 NATIONAL QUESTION
Give reasons why the birth rate has decreased in developed countries (e.g. Scotland) 6 marks

17. 2015 NATIONAL QUESTION
Contraception and family planning is widely available
Later marriages are more common which results in fewer children
People no longer choose to have lots of children as improved medical care and advances in medicine
Has resulted in most children surviving at birth
Developed countries have the money to invest in medical care which reduces the infant mortality rate thus causing the birth rate to fall
Children are expensive so the greater number of children the bigger the financial burden
Women want careers so put off having children to a later age
Or limit the size of their families to give them a reasonable standard of living
Sex education in schools helps to lower birth rates

18. 2016 NATIONAL QUESTION
Give reasons for falling worldwide death rates 6 marks

19. 2016 NATIONAL QUESTION
Improved diets (e.g. variety of nutrients and protein) help people to live a longer healthier life
(e.g. Japan where the life expectancy is 86 years of age)
Access to a regular supply of clean water helps to reduce diseases and death rates
Better pensions and good care for the elderly means that people are given the means by which they can live longer
Good sanitation has improved people’s health which means that death rates are lower
Good medical care has improved peoples chances of maintaining good health thus reducing death rates
Vaccinations have helped reduce worldwide infant mortality

20. 2014 NATIONAL QUESTION
Describe the changes in China’s age groups between 1982 and 2050 (projected) 4 marks For china, or other countries you have studied, describe methods which have been used to reduce population growth

21. 2014 NATIONAL QUESTION a)
The percentage of children age between 0-14 steadily decreases between 1982 to 2050 by 18%
The % of working age population between increased between 1982 to 2000 by 9%
But is predicted to fall from 2000 to 2050 by 10%
The % of the population over 60 has risen constantly since 1982 by 19%
And the highest predicted increase of 9% between 2020 and 2050.

22. 2014 NATIONAL QUESTION b)
China used the one child policy to help reduce growth
The government took away benefits from families if they didn’t follow this rule
(e.g. increased access to education for all)
(e.g. childcare and healthcare)
China encouraged the use of birth control methods (e.g. sterilisation)
Abortion is legal in China and is widely used
In recent years China has provided education on birth control
Some countries (e.g. Indonesia) have introduced free contraception
Some countries have used sex education
Some countries use tax incentives to encourage smaller families

23. SPECIMEN NATIONAL QUESTION
Explain the differences between the population structures of Kenya and the US. 6 marks

24. SPECIMEN NATIONAL QUESTION
There is a higher proportion of the population of Kenya under the age of 15 because birth rates are higher in developing countries
Where fewer women get the chance of an education
And there is less use of contraception
And information on birth control is less easily accessed
There is a larger number of over 60s in the USA because more people have the chance of medical treatment than in Kenta
where there is less money to set up health centres and hospitals
The high living standards in the USA mean that there are plenty of opportunities for women to have careers and this reduces birth rates
Child mortality rates are higher in Kenta so people have many children in order to ensure that some survive
Many families in Kenya have lots of children so they can contribute to the family income when old enough
And look after them in old age