1. Church History: Protestant Reformation-Vatican II

2. Catholic understanding of Predestination
God has given us freedom to choose the good.
He does not force us to do good or evil, but he does know what we will decide
God provides grace to everyone, but not everyone will choose it.
God knows what we will choose.

3. John Calvin’s understanding of Predestination
God has predetermined who goes to Heaven and who goes to Hell.
God provides grace only to those whom he has decided will go to Heaven.

4. Council of Trent
Pope Paul III opened the council in Trent, Italy
Purpose:
Define Church teaching in response to the Protestant heresies
Reform the Church

5. Conclusions of Trent
Divine revelation is transmitted to us through both Scripture and Tradition
CCC 74-83
Justification by faith alone was condemned
Defined transubstantiation
Clarified indulgences
Affirmed teaching on Purgatory
Affirmed the validity of the deuterocanonical books

6. The Deuterocanonical Books
These are 7 books in the Old Testament that are not included in Protestant Bible
Teachings on purgatory and justification by faith alone are in these books
Tobit
Judith
1 and 2 Maccabees
Wisdom
Sirach
Baruch

7. Counter Reformation
This is the period of Catholic revival and reformation after Council of Trent and the Protestant Reformation

8. St. Thomas More 1478-1535 Lawyer in England
Opposed the Protestant Reformation
Opposed Henry VIII’s self-annulment from Catherine of Aragon
Opposed the Church of England and Henry VII as the head
Accused of treason and beheaded

9. St. John Fisher
Bishop
Refused to acknowledge Henry VIII as the head of the Church of England
Martyred

10. Letter of St. Thomas More to his daughter, Meg

11. St. Ignatius of Loyola 1491-1556 Lived in Spain
1521- fought in the Battle of Pamplona
-injury & conversion

12. Society of Jesus
St. Ignatius founded the Soicety in 1540 for “Whoever desires to serve as a soldier of God”
He wanted to bring Christ to souls in the world
Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam: for the greater glory of God

13. Spiritual Exercises Manual for retreats Based on the life of Christ
Silence
Place yourself into the Gospel passage
What do you see?
What do you hear?
What do you feel?
What do you know?
Who else is there?

14. Pope Francis
Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio

15. Missionaries 1552-St. Francis Xavier goes to China, but soon dies
1609- first Jesuit Mission to North America

16. St. Isaac Jogues Born 1607 in France 1636- arrives in Quebec
Iroquois capture him
Martyred in 1646 by Mohawks

17. “I do not know [what it is like] …to enter Heaven, but this I know-- that it would be difficult to experience in this world a joy more excessive and more overflowing than I felt in setting foot in the New World, and celebrating my first Mass on the day of Visitation”
-St. Isaac Jogues

18. Catholic Church in the U.S
1510s & 1520s-Spanish explorers & missionaries in Florida
1769- California missions

19. St. Elizabeth Ann Seton b. 1774 in New York into an Anglican family
Married William Seton
They had 5 children: 2 of
them died young & are
buried in Emmitsburg:
Anna Maria & Rebecca

20. Her husband became sick with Tuberculosis; they travel to Italy for better climate.
He died and during this time a family introduced Elizabeth to Catholicism
She went back to the U.S. excited about the Catholic Church
However, she faced many difficulties

21. 1805- she became Catholic
Moved to Baltimore to help teach girls
1809- takes religious vows; establishes the Sisters of Charity in Baltimore
d Emitsburg MD
1975-first U.S. born person to be canonized

22. Vatican I 1869-1870 Pope Pius IX Defined papal infallibility
Explained relationship between faith & reason
Ended early because of Franco-Prussian war

23. Infallibility
The Church, by help of the Holy Spirit , is kept free from any error in faith and morals

24. Faith & Reason

25. Modernism
Modernism is the belief that teachings on faith and morals should change and evolve.
Additionally, modernism claims that there is no unchangeable, true revelation from God

26. Pope Pius X Bishop of Rome from 1903-1914 Taught against modernism
Encouraged devotion to Eucharist
Frequent reception
Lowered age of First Communion

27. The World in the early 20th Century
As the world continued into the early 20th century, many evils spread, particularly:
Atheism
Nazism
Communism
God often raises up great saints in difficult times

28. St. Maximilian Kolbe Poland Franciscan Order
Maximilian had a great devotion to Mary
He formed a group of friars and lay people who were dedicated to win the world for Mary
Knights of Mary Immaculate
He established a group in Japan

30. He returned to
Poland and was soon
arrested and sent to
Auschwitz, where he
would become a
martyr of charity

31. Vatican II 1962-1965 Called by Pope John XXIII;
concluded by Pope Paul VI

32. Purpose 1) effectively promote the Church’s teachings
2)renewal in efforts of union with Christian denominations
3) aggiornamento- “bring up to date”; not change doctrine, but adapt some Church practices
4) ressourcemont:”back to the sources”, looking back to the early Church

33. “we must continue on the path of Vatican Council II, stripping ourselves of useless and harmful things, of false worldly securities which weigh down the Church and damage her true face”
Pope Francis

34. Sacrosanctum Concilium
Dei Verbum
On Divine Revelation
Lumen Gentium
On the Church
Gaudium et Spes
On the Church in the Modern world
Sacrosanctum Concilium
On the Sacred Liturgy

35. Important individuals who were present at Vatican II
Karol Wojtyla (Pope John Paul II)
Josef Ratzinger (Pope Benedict XVI)