1. SM1 Semester 2 Vocabulary Review

2. Skeletal Vocabulary 1 Skeletal – pertaining to Skelton.
Appendicular – includes 126 bones of pelvis, shoulders, arms, & legs.
Bursa – saclike cavity filled with fluid to prevent friction.
Cartilage - fibrous connective tissue.
Compact – having a dense structure, hard.
Extremity – arm or leg.
Ligament – fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone.
Orthopedic – pertaining to corrections of deformities.
Plaque – mass adhering to surface of tooth, composed of bacteria saliva and organic waste.
Resorption – loss of bone tissue caused by action of specialized cells.
Tendon – fibrous cord that attaches muscle to bone.

3. Skeletal Vocabulary 2
Articulation – joint.
Axial – includes 80 bones of head and trunk.
Cancellous – spongy structure, soft.
Collagen – white protein fibers of skin, tendons, bone and cartilage.
Degeneration – having progressively less function.
Fascia – fibrous connective tissue that joins organs.
Marrow – soft organic material filling cavities of bones.
Periosteum – specialized connective tissue covering all bones of body.
Synovial – pertaining to transparent alkaline fluid contained in joints.
Prosthesis – artificial substitute for a missing body part.

4. Nervous Vocabulary 1
Brain stem – maintains heartbeat, respiration and BP.
Cerebrum – largest area of the brain.
Dementia – Organic loss of intellectual function.
Efferent – motor neurons.
Impulse – sudden pushing force.
Interneurons – connecting nerves that carry messages from afferent nerves to efferent nerves.
Meninges – 3 membranes that surround and protect brain and spinal cord.
Neurotransmitter – chemical messenger, released rom axon of 1 neuron that travels to another nearby neuron.
Polarity – specialization of a nerve cell determining flow of impulses.
Reflex – an involuntary action in response to a stimulus.
Somatic nervous system – voluntary nerves
Synapse – space between 2 neurons.

5. Nervous Vocabulary 2
Cerebellum – directs coordination, muscles tone, equilibrium.
Cerebrospinal fluid – fluid contained in brain’s ventricles, intracranial spaces and ventral canal of spinal cord.
Diencephalon – contains hypothalamus and thalamus, regulates and coordinates activity of ANS, controls hormone secretion and appetite.
Epilepsy – Transient disturbances of brain function.
Intracranial – situated within the cranium.
Ischemia – insufficient blood to a body part caused by functional constriction of actual obstruction of blood vessels.
Myelography – radiographs of spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium.
Neuron – highly specialized, basic element of nervous system.
Polyneuritis – inflammation of many nerves at once.
Central nervous system – control center.
Stimulus – any substance or action that produces a response.

6. Muscular Vocabulary 1
Antagonist – muscle that acts in opposition to the action of another muscle.
Atrophy – wasting away, decrease in size.
Contraction – shortening of muscle tissue.
Dystrophy – muscle disorder resulting from defective or faulty nutrition, abnormal development, infection.
Extension – increasing an angel at a joint.
Flaccid – soft.
Flexion – decreasing angle at a joint.
Myalgia – muscle pain.
Paralysis – loss or impairment of motor function.
Muscle tone (tonus) – partial contraction, maintains posture.
Tetanic – continued contraction of muscle.
Convulsion – groups of muscle contract in abnormal manner.

7. Muscular Vocabulary 2 Posture – attitude or position of the body.
Prime mover – muscle that acts directly to bring about a desired movement.
Range of motion – active or passive movements of muscle groups to the full extent possible.
Sarcomere – repeating units of muscle fibers with the ability to contract.
Skeletal – pertaining to the framework of the body.
Stimulus – any agent that produces a change in the development or function of tissue.
Tonus – slight contraction of muscle.
Visceral – pertaining to any large interior organ in any one of the cavities of the body.
Isotonic – muscle shortening produces movement through a full range of motion.
Isometric – contraction/shortening of muscle with no joint movement.
Fibrillation – uncoordinated contraction of muscle fiber.
Spasms – involuntary contractions.

8. Integumentary Vocabulary 1
Adipose – fat tissue.
Autograft – transplantation of healthy tissue from one site to another in the same individual.
Ceruminous – ear wax.
Dermatitis – inflammation of the skin.
Dermatomycosis – fungal infection of the skin.
Ecchymosis – a bruise.
Follicle – sac or pouch like depression or cavity.
Keratosis – over growth & thickening of the epidermis.
Melanin – dark pigment of the skin.
Papilla – nipple shaped projection or elevation.
Subcutaneous – beneath the skin.
Verruca – a wart.

9. Integumentary Vocabulary 2
Albinism – absence of pigment in the skin, hair and eyes due to an abnormality in porcduction of melanin.
Biopsy – removal and examination of living tissue.
Debridement – removal of foreign material and dead/damaged tissue, in a wound.
Dermis – inner or deeper layer of skin, consisting of nerve and blood vessels.
Diaphoresis – condition of profuse or excessive sweating.
Epidermis – outer layer of skin that forms a protective covering of the body and does not have a blood or nerve supply.
Hirsutism – excessive growth of hair in unusual places, especially in women.
Lunula – small crescent shaped area of fingernail.
Pilus – hair.
Sebaceous – pertaining to sebum or greasy substance
Sudoriferous – conveying sweat.
Vitiligo – loss of skin pigmentation characterized by mild-white patches.