1. Black Activists early 20th- C

2. February is Black History Month
A Few Black Activists late 19th C & 20th- C
Booker T Washington
W.E.B. Dubois
Marcus Garvey
James Baldwin- a writer
Josephine Baker- actress

3. Booker T Washington Tuskegee Institute—vocational training
Criticized for Accommodating segregation in his 1895 Atlanta speech

4. NAACP W. E. B. Du Bois helps to create the NAACP in February 1909
NAACP--Goal to secure for all people the rights guaranteed in the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the United States Constitution.
NO more lynching--a top priority

5. W.E.B. Dubois

6. Leo Frank Lynching

7. KKK Lynch Rope

8. Marcus Garvey
1914 Universal Negro improvement Association –immigrate to Africa-Garvey’s views of black self-help influenced the Black Power Movement of the 1960’s
Legal Action
Pan Africanism
Black Star Line

9. Marcus Garvey

10. W.E.B Dubois
Niagara Movement- African-American activists. Equality via education & Civil Rights & political activism
Du Bois opposed BT Washington’s Atlanta compromise-Atlanta compromise
African-American intellectual elite would lead civil rights reform aka “the Talented Tenth.”

11. W.E.B. Dubois

12. Great Black Migration
1919- After WWI- southern blacks moved North, Chicago, NYC, Detroit. Factory Jobs, industrial CITIES
Ethnic enclaves
Escape Southern share cropping = debt peonage

13. Jim Crow Era
Jim Crow- Southern laws enforcing racial segregation enacted after the Reconstruction period, these laws continued in force until 1965.

14. Birth of a Nation A Movie made in 1915 by DW Griffith
The Birth of a Nation the South protects it's honor during Reconstruction especially for their women--virtuous women. The plot: a "renegade negro“ goes after a white woman so the Ku Klux Klan is born, imposing order on chaos and releasing Southern whites from "under the heel" of blacks.

15. Jim Crow in the Media & entertainment
The 1915 Movie---Birth of a Nation
The plot--a "renegade negro“ goes after a white woman so the Ku Klux Klan is born, imposing order on chaos and releasing Southern whites from "under the heel" of blacks South protects it's honor during Reconstruction especially for their women--virtuous women. :

18. Birth of a Nation

19. Civil Rights Era
By the 1950s the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, headed by a lawyer named Thurgood Marshall--Brown v. Board of Education 1954, which outlawed segregation in public schools.
criticized for working exclusively within the system by pursuing legislative and judicial solutions,

20. MLK
Direct action NOT legal action should be the course the NAACP was to LEGAL and not active in fighting discrimination

21. Accomplishments of NAACP
Civil Rights Acts of 1957, 1964, and 1968, as well as the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
And Brown v. Board of Education Topeka Kansas 1954 Reversed Plessy v. Ferguson

22. Medgar Evers
June 12, 1963, Evers was shot in the back in the driveway of his home in Jackson, Miss, He died less than a hour later at a nearby hospital.

23. Medgar Evers.

24. Byron De La Beckwith Assassinated Medger Evers
In February 1994, nearly 31 years after Evers's death, Beckwith was convicted and sentenced to life in prison. He died in January 2001 at the age of 80

25. Emmett Till

26. 5 phases of black civil rights
I. Booker T Washington’s –1870’s Accommodate
II W.E.B. Dubois-Niagara Movement uses the Black Press, books and essays to fight Jim Crow, Public exchanges & discussion
III. 1920’s-1920’s Marcus Garvey’s NAACP legal action Phase fight Jim Crow in the courts. Emmitt Till’s Lynching need to increase the fight.
IV MLK –Direct action phase. Protests, civil disobedience
V The revolutionary phase, Black Panthers, back to Africa, sperate black country

27. 5 phases of Black Civil Rights
Accommodate ’s
Niagara Movement/Public Discourse-1880’s -1905
Legal Action
Direct Action
Revolutionary ’s

28. I. Booker T Washington’s –Accommodate
II W.E.B. Dubois-Niagara Movement uses the Black Press, books and essays to fight Jim Crow, Public exchanges & discussion

29. 5 phases of black civil rights
III. 1920’s-1920’s Marcus Garvey’s NAACP legal action Phase fight Jim Crow in the courts. Emmitt Till’s Lynching need to increase the fight.
IV MLK –Direct action phase. Protests, civil disobedience
V The revolutionary phase, Black Panthers, back to Africa, separate black country

30. Booker T Washington

31. Booker T Washington

32. Booker T. Washington Washington
the director of the Tuskegee Institute
1895- Atlanta Compromise an unwritten deal with Southern white leaders.
The agreement provided that Southern blacks would submit to discrimination, segregation, lack of voting rights, and non-unionized employment; AND Southern whites would permit blacks to receive a basic education, some economic opportunities, and justice within Jim Crow society.

33. 1905 The Niagara Movement
E.E.B Dubois -Niagara movement, Before the NAACP. Rejected Booker T. Washington's accommodative and separate from white society. The Niagara movement embraced a more radical approach. To gain equality for blacks. IMMEDIATE equality.

34. Marcus Garvey-NAACP

37. W.E.B. Du Bois

38. W.E.B. Du Bois
first African American to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard University
Founding member of the N.A.A.C.P.

39. W.E.B. Dubois
A proponent of Pan-Africanism--free African colonies from European powers. 
W.E.B. Du Bois died on August 27, 1963—one day before Martin Luther King Jr.’s "I Have a Dream" speech at the March on Washington—at the age of 95, in Accra, Ghana, while working on an encyclopedia of the African Diaspora.

40. African Diaspora
refer to the "dispersal" of Africans outside of the African continent.
The African Diaspora is because of slavery. 1500’s-1850’s when Africans and their descendants were sent to regions throughout Europe, the Caribbean, North America, South America, and Central America because of slavery.

41. Marcus Garvey

42. Emmett Till