1. THE HOLOCAUST

2. My Notes
My Comments

3. WHAT IS IT?
"Holocaust" is a word of Greek origin meaning "sacrifice by fire.”
The Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators.

5. Swastika: A Symbol of Good or Evil?
The swastika is an ancient Indian symbol (Sanskrit) that is over 3,000 years old meaning well being, life and good luck, prosperity
The swastika is sacred religious symbol for Hindus, Jains and Buddhists
It’s a common symbol in ancient civilizations (Mesopotamia, India, China, Central and South America (Maya)
In 1920, Adolf Hitler decided that the Nazi Party needed its own insignia and flag and chose the swastika to represent the mission of the struggle for the victory of the Aryan man
Because of the Nazis' flag, the swastika soon became a symbol of hate, anti-Semitism, violence, death, and murder.

6. In 1933, when Adolf Hitler was named Chancellor in the German government, there were over nine million Jews who lived in Europe. The Nazis, who came to power in Germany in January 1933, believed that Germans were "racially superior" and that the Jews, deemed "inferior," were an alien threat to the German racial community.
By 1945, the Germans and their collaborators killed nearly two out of every three European Jews as part of the Nazi policy to murder the Jews of Europe.

7. European Jewish Population in 1933 was 9,508,340

8. Estimated Jewish Survivors of Holocaust: 3,546,211

9. Although Jews, whom the Nazis deemed a priority danger to Germany, were the primary victims of Nazi racism, other victims included some 200,000 Roma (Gypsies). At least 200,000 mentally or physically disabled patients, mainly Germans, living in institutional settings, were murdered.

10. Approximately one-and-a-half million children were murdered by the Nazis and their collaborators between 1933 and The overwhelming majority of them were Jewish.
Thousands of Roma (Gypsy) children, disabled children, and Polish children were also among the victims.

11. Two German Jewish families at a gathering before the war
Two German Jewish families at a gathering before the war. Only two people in this group survived the Holocaust. Germany, 1928.

12. The Stages of the Holocaust
The Holocaust was a progression of actions leading to the annihilation of millions by:
1: Stripping of Rights
2: Segregation
3: Concentration
4: Extermination

13. Stage 1: Stripping of Rights
The Nuremberg Laws of 1935 were anti-Semitic laws in Nazi Germany introduced at the annual Nuremberg Rally for the Nazi Party. The Nazis announced these new laws which institutionalized many of the racial theories common in Nazi beliefs. The laws excluded German Jews from citizenship, deprived them of most political rights, and prohibited them from marrying persons of "German or related blood,” etc.
The Nuremberg Laws, as they became known, did not define a "Jew" as someone with particular religious beliefs. Instead, anyone who had three or four Jewish grandparents was defined as a Jew, regardless of whether that individual identified himself or herself as a Jew or belonged to the Jewish religious community. Many Germans who had not practiced Judaism for years found themselves caught in the grip of Nazi terror. Even people with Jewish grandparents who had converted to Christianity were defined as Jews.
Reparations of 1 billion Reichmarks after Kristallnacht

14. 1935: Nuremberg Laws stated that all JEWS were :
stripped of German citizenship
fired from jobs & their businesses boycotted
banned from German schools and universities
forced to carry ID cards
carry passports stamped with a “J”
forced to wear the arm band of the Yellow “Star of David”
forced to pay reparations and a special income tax
not able to attend their churches (most Jewish synagogues were destroyed)
not allowed to marry Aryans (marriages between Jews and Aryans/Germans were forbidden)
etc.
Reparations of 1 billion Reichmarks after Kristallnacht
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16. How did Stage 1 affect the Jewish children/teenagers
How did Stage 1 affect the Jewish children/teenagers ? This did not happen overnight. Soon after the Nazis gained power in Germany, Jewish children found life increasingly difficult. Due to legislation prohibiting Jews from engaging in various professions, their parents lost jobs and businesses. As a result, many families were left with little money.

17. Jewish children were not allowed to participate in sports and social activities with their classmates and neighbors. They could not go to museums, movies, public playgrounds, parks, or even swimming pools.
Eventually, Jewish and Gypsy children were expelled from German schools.

20. Stage 2: Segregation GHETTOS
Throughout Europe, Jewish families were forced to give up their homes and relocate into ghettos—restricted areas set up by the Nazis as “Jewish residential districts.” Jews were forced to live in these designated areas called “ghettos” to isolate them from the rest of society
Nazis established 356 ghettos in Poland, the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Hungary during WWII
Warsaw, the largest ghetto, held 500,000 people and was 3.5 square miles in size

21. Families had to decide what essentials to bring with them as they were restricted to bringing only what they could carry. The trains that carried the Jews away were crowded and unsanitary.
Ghettos were fenced in, typically with barbed wire or brick walls. Entry and exit were by permit or pass only; like a prison, armed guards stood at gates.
There were no telephones and little mail delivery, making communication with the outside world nearly impossible.

23. Families inside the ghettos lived under horrid conditions
Families inside the ghettos lived under horrid conditions. Typically, many families would be crowded into a few rooms where there was little if any heat, food, or privacy.
Ghettos were filthy, with poor sanitation and extreme overcrowding. Disease was rampant and food was in such short supply that many slowly starved to death. Many people in the ghettos died from malnutrition, starvation, exposure, and epidemics.

25. Nazi ghettos were a preliminary step in the annihilation of the Jews, as the ghettos became transition areas, used as collection points for deportation to concentration & death camps

26. Stage 3: Concentration
The concentration camp is most closely associated with the Holocaust and remains an enduring symbol of the Nazi regime. The first camps opened soon after the Nazis took power in January 1933; they continued as a basic part of the Nazi rule until May 8, 1945, when the war and the Nazi regime ended.

27. Concentration Camps
Concentration camps were a major part of the Nazi’s systematic oppression and eventual mass murder of enemies of Nazi Germany (Jews, Communists, opponents)
Prisoners were transported to the camps in cattle freight cars.
Camps were built on railroad lines for efficient transportation.
The prisoners were used as slave labor “annihilation by work”
Prisoners faced undernourishment and starvation

29. Life in the Camps possessions were confiscated heads were shaved
arms tattooed
Prison uniforms
Men, women and children were separated
Survival based on trade skills / physical strength
Unsanitary, disease ridden and lice infested barracks
inhumane medical experiments

30. When Jews arrived in the concentration camp, the Nazis took away all of their remaining possessions. Their heads were shaved, they were given identity numbers that were sometimes tattooed on their arms, and they were forced to wear prison uniforms.
They were given barely enough food on which to survive. People were constantly dying of hunger, exhaustion, and disease. They worked all day at hard physical labor and slept at night in crowded barracks.

31. Those who could not work--the sick, the old and young children—were separated from family members upon their arrival to the concentration camp. Often, these individuals would be immediately killed or sent to the gas chambers in the death camps.

37. Nazis confiscated property of prisoners in storerooms nicknamed “Kanada” because the sheer amount of loot stored there was associated with the riches of Canada

39. Stage 4: Extermination
Einstazgruppen – (mobile killing units) had begun killing operations aimed at entire Jewish communities in the 1930s
DEATH FACTORIES: Nazi extermination camps fulfilled the singular function of mass murder
Euthanasia program: Nazi policy to eliminate “life unworthy of life” (mentally or physically challenged) to promote Aryan “racial integrity”

40. “FINAL SOLUTION”
Wannsee Conference (Berlin ) established the “complete solution of the Jewish question”
called for the complete and mass annihilation and extermination of the Jews as well as other groups
Zyklon B gas became the agent in the mass extermination

41. Gas Chambers & Crematoriums
Prisoners were sent to gas chambers disguised as showers
Zyklon B gas used to gas people in 3 – 15 minutes
Up to 8000 people were gassed per day at Auschwitz-Birkenau, the largest death camp with 4 operating gas chambers
Gold fillings from victims teeth were melted down to make gold bars
Prisoners moved dead bodies to massive crematoriums

44. Nearing the End of the War
By 1945, the Nazis began to destroy crematoriums and camps as Allied troops closed in
Death Marches (Todesmarsche): Between , Nazis ordered marches over long distances. Approximately – prisoners perished in Death Marches
On January 27, 1945, the Soviet army entered Auschwitz (largest camp) and liberated more than 7,000 remaining prisoners, who were mostly ill and dying.

45. Nazi Propaganda
persuading the people

46. Nazi Anti-Semitic Propaganda
Hitler and the Nazis used propaganda to persuade Germans to agree with their viewpoints. They made persuasive posters and films, led protest marches/parades, and gave speeches to convince the people to support Hitler, the Nazis, (including the Hitler Youth), and to be against the Jews.
Der ewige Jude (The Eternal Jew) is the most famous Nazi propaganda film. It was produced by Joseph Goebbels and depicts the Jews of Poland as corrupt, filthy, lazy, ugly, and perverse – it portrays them as an alien/foreign people which have taken over the world through their greedy control of banking and commerce.

47. Protest March

48. The next two slides show posters the Nazis made to advertise the movie Der ewige Jude (The Eternal Jew). Take note of stereotypes the Nazis use to portray the Jews. How would you describe the way the images depict the Jews?

49. Nazi Anti-Semitic Propaganda
Hitler and the Nazis used propaganda to persuade Germans to agree with their viewpoints. They made persuasive posters and films, led protest marches/parades, and gave speeches to convince the people to support Hitler, the Nazis, (including the Hitler Youth), and to be against the Jews. Der ewige Jude (The Eternal Jew) is the most famous Nazi propaganda film. It was produced by Joseph Goebbels and depicts the Jews of Poland as corrupt, filthy, lazy, ugly, and perverse – it portrays them as an alien/foreign people which have taken over the world through their greedy control of banking and commerce.

50. Nazi Anti-Semitic Propaganda
Hitler and the Nazis used propaganda to persuade Germans to agree with their viewpoints. They made persuasive posters and films, led protest marches/parades, and gave speeches to convince the people to support Hitler, the Nazis, (including the Hitler Youth), and to be against the Jews. Der ewige Jude (The Eternal Jew) is the most famous Nazi propaganda film. It was produced by Joseph Goebbels and depicts the Jews of Poland as corrupt, filthy, lazy, ugly, and perverse – it portrays them as an alien/foreign people which have taken over the world through their greedy control of banking and commerce.

51. World War 2 was fought between two groups of countries
World War 2 was fought between two groups of countries. On one side were the Axis Powers, including Germany, Italy and Japan. On the other side were the Allies. They included Britain, France, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, India, the Soviet Union, China and the United States of America.

52. Nazi Anti-Semitic Propaganda

53. Nazi Anti-Semitic Propaganda

54. Nazi Propaganda Supporting Hitler and the Nazis
Yes, Father/Leader, We will follow you!
Long Live Germany
Give me 4 years time.

55. The Hitler Youth Movement
The Hitler Youth, known in German as Hitler-Jugend (HJ), was founded in 1926, though its roots stretch back a few years.
The Hitler Youth was a logical extension of Hitler’s belief that the future of Nazi Germany was its children. The Hitler Youth was seen as being as important to a child as school was. In the early years of the Nazi government, Hitler made it clear as to what he expected German children to be like: "The weak must be chiseled away. I want young men and women who can suffer pain. A young German must be as swift as a greyhound, as tough as leather, and as hard as Krupp's steel.“

56. CONT: The Hitler Youth Movement
Groups for youngsters were part of German culture and the Hitler Youth had been created in the 1920's. By 1933 its membership stood at 100,000. After Hitler came to power, all other youth groups were abolished and as a result the Hitler Youth grew quickly. In 1936, the figure stood at 4 million members. In 1936, it became mandatory to join the Hitler Youth.
The Hitler Youth catered for 10 to 18 year olds. There were separate organizations for boys and girls. The task of the boys section was to prepare the boys for military service. For girls, the organization prepared them for motherhood.

57. CONT: The Hitler Youth Movement
Boys at 10, joined the Deutsches Jungvolk (German Young People) until the age of 13 when they transferred to the Hitler Jugend (Hitler Youth) until the age of 18. In 1936, the writer J R Tunus wrote about the activities of the Hitler Jugend. He stated that part of their "military athletics" (Wehrsport) included marching, bayonet drill, grenade throwing, trench digging, map reading, gas defence, use of dugouts, how to get under barbed wire and pistol shooting.
Girls, at the age of 10, joined the Jungmadelbund (League of Young Girls) and at the age of 14 transferred to the Bund Deutscher Madel (League of German Girls). Girls had to be able to run 60 metres in 14 seconds, throw a ball 12 metres, complete a 2 hour march, swim 100 metres and know how to make a bed.

58. CONT: The Hitler Youth Movement
To the outside world, the Hitler Youth seemed to personify German discipline. In fact, this image was far from accurate. School teachers complained that boys and girls were so tired from attending evening meetings of the Hitler Youth, that they could barely stay awake the next day at school. Also by 1938, attendance at Hitler Youth meetings was so poor - barely 25% - that the authorities decided to tighten up attendance with the 1939 law making attendance compulsory.

59. Nazi Propaganda Supporting Hitler and the Nazis
The German student is fighting for father and country.

60. Nazi Propaganda Supporting Hitler and the Nazis

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