1. Psyc 306 Industrial and Organizational Psychology
Lecture 16
Teamwork

2. Beksa – Winner of the EFQM Quality Award

3. Differences between Teams & Groups
Team is a social aggregation in which a limited number of individuals interact on a regular basis usually for a limited period of time to accomplish a set of shared objectives for which they have mutual responsibility and interdependence.

4. Groups vs. Teams

5. Types of Teams

6. Working Together
Work Group: Collection of people who interact and share some interrelated task goals.
Work Team: Type of work group that:
Is interdependent & coordinated
Has specified goal for each member
Accomplish common tasks and objectives
Work group members may or may not work on the same tasks.
Sales groups may work completely independently, each person with his or her own territory.
Virtual Team

7. Group/Team Concepts Roles: Specialization of function within positions
Formal vs. Informal
Norms: Unwritten rules of behavior accepted by group members
Productivity norms
Group cohesiveness
Process loss
Team commitment
Team mental model

8. Principles of Teamwork
Teamwork implies that members provide feedback to and accept it from one another.
Teamwork implies the willingness, preparedness, and proclivity to back fellow members up during operations.
Teamwork involves group members collectively viewing themselves as a group whose success depends on their interaction.
Teamwork means fostering within-team interdependence.
Team leadership makes a difference wrt the performance of the team.

9. Teamwork Evaluation Form
Please rate the team you are observing the following scale:
1=poor
2=room for improvement
3=satisfactory
4=good
5=excellent
#1: Teamwork implies that members provide feedbackto and accept it from one another.
__1.Participation from all team members was encouraged.
__2.Constructive criticism was valued rather than dismissed.
#2: Teamwork implies the wilingness, preparedness, and proclivity to back fellow members up during operations.
__3.The team members took the initiative to help each other.
__4.Team members showed support for each other’s ideas.
#3: Teamwork involves group members’ collectively viewing of themselves as a group whose success depends on their interaction.
__5.Team members seemed more concerned about the team’s success rather than individual recognition.
__6.The team recognized that one member could not and should not “carry” the team in order to be highly effective.
#4: Teamwork means fostering within-team interdependence.
__7.Cooperation within the team was stressed.
__8. Every team member was viewed and treated as equally important to the team’s success.
#5: Team leadership makes a difference with respect to the performance of the team.
__9.The team leader came across as a faciliator rather than a director.
__10.The team leader was able to provide and accept feedback.
__TOTAL SCORE
Additional Comments:

10. Requirements of effective teams
Communication
Conflict
Cohesion
Trust
Member composition: gain group acceptance, increase group solidarity, awareness of group conscientiousness, share group identity, image management.

11. Group Decision Making Group polarization Groupthink
Group decisions are more extreme than individual means
Groupthink
Groups make decisions that individuals know are poor
To avoid
Leaders as impartial moderators
Critically evaluate alternatives
Continually seek information for/against choices

12. Group Diversity Differences among people in a group Effects on
Cognitive diversity
Knowledge, skill and values
Demographic diversity
Age, ethnicity, gender, nationality
Effects on
Job performance
Job satisfaction
Organizational commitment
Negative when tasks require no cooperation

13. Group Performance Performance in the presence of others
Social facilitation
When task is simple or well-learned
Social inhibition
When task is complex or new
Group vs. individual performance on tasks
Additive tasks
Nominal group
Social Loafing
Identifiability reduces social loafing

14. Group Interventions How should we work with groups?
Increase cohesiveness
Encourage formation of work groups
Assign group tasks
Give group rewards
Allow employees to select coworkers
Make group and organizational goals compatible
Group rewards & profit sharing
Participation
Autonomous Work Teams
Fewer supervisors (act as coaches)
Similar performance, but greater job satisfaction
Quality Circles

18. Group Diversity Differences among people in a group Effects on
Cognitive diversity
Knowledge, skill and values
Demographic diversity
Age, ethnicity, gender, nationality
Effects on
Job performance
Job satisfaction
Organizational commitment
Negative when tasks require no cooperation

19. Group Interventions How should we work with groups?
Increase cohesiveness
Encourage formation of work groups
Assign group tasks
Give group rewards
Allow employees to select coworkers
Make group and organizational goals compatible
Group rewards & profit sharing
Participation
Autonomous Work Teams
Fewer supervisors (act as coaches)
Similar performance, but greater job satisfaction
Quality Circles