1. TOPIC: The Nervous System AIM: How does the Nervous System help maintain Homeostasis?
HW: TEXT BOOK READ PAGES Do Vocabulary Definitions for words on page 558

2. Background Information
Neuron = a nerve cell
Impulse = messages sent by nerve cells
Voluntary = have conscious control over
Involuntary = do not have conscious control over

3. What is the function of the Nervous System?
A system that conducts impulses to CONTROL and COORDINATE body activities.
Life Function associated with the Nervous system is REGULATION.

4. Organization of Nervous System
Nerves, which make up nervous systems, are organized in the following way…

5. Peripheral Nervous system
Central Nervous System
Autonomic
Nervous System
Somatic Nervous
System
However, not all organisms have all of these divisions/systems. And the Central nervous System controls the peripheral nervous system.
Sympathetic
Division
Parasympathetic
Division

6. Central Nervous System (CNS)
What are the components of the CNS and How do they work together to maintain homeostasis?
Components: Brain and Spinal Cord
Send, receive, and process messages from the Peripheral NS

7. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
What are the components of the PNS and How do they work together to maintain homeostasis?
Nerves that connect the CNS with the rest of an organism’s body.

8. Information Processing: Typical Nerve Pathway
Sensory input
Integration (brain analyzes)
Sensory neurons transmit info from external stimuli or internal stimuli to CNS. Then interneurons intergrate(analyze and interpret) the info then sends a response of some sort to the effector cells (muscle cells or endocrine cells) via motor neurons.
Motor output

9. Somatic Nervous System
What are the components of the Somatic NS and How do they work together to maintain homeostasis?
Nerves that regulate voluntary functions.
SNS carries signals to and from skeletal muscles, mainly in response to EXTERNAL stimuli. Consideredl voluntary movement.
Much of skeletal muscle activity, however, is controlled by reflexes.

10. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
What are the components of the Automatic NS and How do they work together to maintain homeostasis?
ANS controls the INTERNAL environment. Generally involuntary and is made up of three divisions (as previously mentioned).
Nerves that control all involuntary functions

11. Sympathetic Division
How does the Sympathetic Division regulate body activities?
Slows down body functions
Rest and Digest!!
Basically, this division is activated when you get excited.
Adrenaline is released and digestion is also stopped.

12. Parasympathetic Division
How does the Parasympathetic Division regulate body activities?
By speeding up body activities
Fight or flight
Can function by itself but is usually controlled by the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions

13. Information Processing: Typical Nerve Pathway
Sensory input
Integration (brain analyzes)
Sensory neurons transmit info from external stimuli or internal stimuli to CNS. Then interneurons intergrate(analyze and interpret) the info then sends a response of some sort to the effector cells (muscle cells or endocrine cells) via motor neurons.
Motor output

14. How does the Nervous system function to maintain Homeostasis?
Answer on separate sheet of loose leaf and leave on desk upon Exit.
How does the Nervous system function to maintain Homeostasis?

15. TOPIC: NERVOUS SYSTEM Aim: How does a neuron conduct an impulse?
Do Now: Handout: Vocabulary Map: NUERON
HW: Page 552 in Text Book Vocabulary Definitions

16. General Neuron Axon Dendrites Myelin sheath Cyton Synaptic terminal
Dendrites receive information from connected neurons.
Axon hillocks are where singals that travel down the axon are generated.
Axons transmits signals to other cells.
Myelin sheaths enclose axons.
Synaptic terminals are where the axon splits off and gives the information to another neuron/cell. (where the entire process begins again within another neuron)
ALSO, glia, or supporting cells, helps glue together the neuron and helps neurons function normally.
Axon Terminals
Synapse

17. YouTube - The Human Body: Nervous System (2nd Ed., Rev.) (clip)

18. Vocabulary: Parts of a Neuron
Dendrites: Receive impulses and direct them toward the cyton.
Cyton: Cell Body – conducts impulses from dendrites to axon
Axon: Transmits impulses from cyton to terminal branches at Synapse.

19. Parts continued
Myelin Sheath: Fatty covering on Axon that helps speed up impulse conduction.
Axon Terminals: Where the axon ends and the neurotransmitters are secreted.

20. THE SYNAPSE

21. YouTube - Neural Synapse

22. The Synapse: Gap Between neurons
The following occurs at the synapse:
Neurotransmitters are secreted from axon terminals to transmit impulses across the synapse to the dendrites of the next neuron.

23. Neurotransmitters
Chemicals secreted to transmit impulses across a synapse.
They have specific shapes and only receptors of the same shape will accept them.
Handout: Activity - Synapse

25. TOPIC: NERVOUS SYSTEM AIM: How do different types of neurons function to conduct impulses?

26. Three types of neurons Sensory Inter or Associative Motor
Handout for Notes

27. Sensory Neurons: Transmit impulses from your senses into the CNS.
Where are Sensory Neurons located? In the CNS or PNS?

28. Inter Neurons: Associative Neurons
between
Process impulses from the sensory neurons and send impulses to the motor neurons.
Where are Inter neurons located?

29. Motor Neurons
Transmit impulses from the Inter neurons to the muscles, glands, or organs that will be producing the response.
Where are the Motor Neurons located?
NEW VOCAB WORD: EFFECTOR
The muscles, glands, or organs producing the response.

32. YouTube - Central Nervous System, Reflex Arc

33. On Loose Leaf
Describe the path of an impulse through the three types of neurons.
What is the difference between a regular reaction and a reflex?
HW: Worksheet

34. Review
MovieSource: The Nervous System

35. TOPIC: Nervous System AIM: How do the parts of the Brain help maintain homeostasis?
DO Now: Worksheet
HW: STUDY FOR QUEST on Nervous System and Midterm
Finish Flip Books

36. The Cerebrum Characteristics: * Largest part of the Brain
* Divided into hemispheres (Right & Left)
The Cerebrum Controls all voluntary activities.
These include: movement, speaking and language, memory, and senses.

37. The Cerebellum Second largest part of the Brain.
The Cerebellum regulates Balance and Coordination of movements.

38. The Medulla Also known as the BRAINSTEM
It becomes continuous with the spinal cord
Regulates all Involuntary Activities such as heart rate, breathing rate, etc.
Human’s biological clock regulates hormone release, hunger, and levels of heightened sensitivity.

39. Video Clip : The story of Phineus Gage

40. Nervous System Diseases and Disorders
Schizophrenia
Depression
Alzheimer’s Disease
Parkinson’s Disease
Schizophrenia is characterized by psychotic episodes in which patients loose the ability to distinguish reality.
Depression is broken down into bipolar disorder and major depression. Bipolar disorder involves extreme mood swings. Patients with major depression have a low mood most of the time
Alzheimer’s disease is mental deterioration characterized by confusion and memory loss.
Parkinson’s disease is a motor disorder characterized by difficulty in initiating movements, slowness of movement, and rigidity.