1. MONOCOTS / DICOTS / XYLEM / PHLOEM
OH MY!!!!
Plant Anatomy

2. Plant Anatomy
Basic Plant Anatomy
Roots
Shoots
Leaves

3. Roots Three Types of Roots Fibrous: i. characteristic of monocots,
ii. mat of thin roots that spread laterally
Tap:
i. characteristic of dicots
ii. one central root with some small laterals
Adventitious: develop during root layering

4. Roots Plant Anatomy Three Types of Roots Fibrous: (1)
i. characteristic of monocots,
ii. mat of thin roots that spread laterally
Tap: (2)
i. characteristic of dicots
ii. one central root with some small laterals
Adventitious: develop during root layering 2 1

5. Root Hairs Root Hairs: Function?
increase surface area of root mass for more absorption surfaces for nutrient and water absorption
analogous structure on us would be villi of small intestine.

6. Plant Anatomy Roots root tips root hairs Shoots
nodes: location of leaf attachment to stem
i. internodes: area between nodes
buds: undeveloped shoot from which embryonic leaves or flowers develop

7. Shoots Shoots nodes: location of leaf attachment to stem 1
i. internodes: area between nodes
buds: undeveloped shoot from which embryonic leaves or flowers develop
i. terminal or apical buds (1)
ii. axillary or lateral (2)
iii. flower (3) and leaf buds 1 3 2

8. Stolons (bermuda grass)
Modified Shoots
Stolons (bermuda grass)
Rhizomes (Iris)
Tubers (Potatos)
Bulb (Tulip)

9. Are all of these structures
Plant Anatomy
Roots
root tips
root hairs
Shoots
nodes
i. internodes
buds:
i. terminal
ii. axillary
iii. flower and leaf
Leaves
mesophyll tissue
veins
Are all of these structures
LEAVES?

10. Leaves: Function What is the function of LEAVES? Photosynthesis
i. conversion of light energy into
chemical energy
Gas exchange
i. CO2 and water vapor
Transpiration
i. loss of water from plant through
stomatas

11. Simple and Compound Leaves
Leaves: Kinds
Simple and Compound Leaves

12. Leaves: Modified
Colored Leaves
Tendrils
Succulents
Spines

13. Leaves: Tissue Structure

14. Interdependent System
Shoots and Roots:
Interdependent System
Both Systems depend on each other:
Shoots
i. depend on water and nutrients
absorb by roots
Roots
i. depend on the sugars produced by
photosynthetic factories (leaves)
Sugars
Water and Nutrients

15. Plant Tissues Three Types of Plant Tissue Dermal
i epidermis “ plant skin”
ii. Protective layer of tightly
packed cells
Vascular
i. transport system in shoots
and roots
a. xylem and phloem
Ground
i. most of the plants tissue
composition
ii. photosynthetic mesophyll
and storage

16. Ground Tissue Cells Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma
“typical” plant cells = least specialized
photosynthetic cells, storage cells
tissue of leaves, stem, fruit, storage roots
Collenchyma
unevenly thickened primary walls
support
Sclerenchyma
very thick, “woody” secondary walls
rigid cells that can’t elongate
dead at functional maturity

17. Parenchyma
Parenchyma cells are unspecialized, thin, flexible & carry out several metabolic functions
i. all other cell types in plants develop from parenchyma

18. Collenchyma
Collenchyma cells have thicker primary walls & provide support
help support without restraining growth
remain alive in maturity

19. Sclerenchyma Thick, rigid cell wall Cells for support lignin (wood)
cannot elongate
mostly dead at maturity
Cells for support
xylem vessels
xylem tracheids
fibers
rope fibers
sclereids
nutshells
seed coats
grittiness in pears

20. Vascular Tissue iii. only cell walls remain Xylem Function
i. transportation of water and
minerals up from roots
ii. at maturity cell are dead
iii. only cell walls remain
iv. empty pipes for water
movement
v. transpirational tug: capillarity
(what kind of attraction?)
Structure
i. tracheids
ii. vessel elements
vessel elements
tracheids

21. Vascular Tissue: Phloem Phloem Function
transport sugars and nutrient throughout the plant

22. Vascular Tissue: Phloem sieve tube elements & companion cells
Phloem Structure
sieve tube elements & companion cells

23. Vascular Tissue: Phloem Phloem Structural Characteristics
living cells at maturity
a. cell membrane and cytoplasm
i. control diffusion
b. lose their nucleus, vacuoles and ribosomes
i. adaptive structure to serve function better
cells
a. sieve tubes
i. sieve plates: end plates that are porous that
for the passage of fluids between cells
b. companion cells
i. nucleated cell connected to sieve tubes
ii. assist sieve tubes

24. Dicots: Trees and Shrubs Monocots: Grasses and Lilies
Vascular Tissue:
Stems
Dicots: Trees and Shrubs
Monocots: Grasses and Lilies

25. Vascular Tissue:
Dicot Roots

26. Vascular Tissue:
Monocot Roots

27. Plant Growth Animation
Acting as One
Plant Growth Animation

28. Acting as One
Don’t be a vegetable
Ask some questions!!!!!!!