1. Nervous System
Chapter 10

2. Combining Forms for the Nervous System
arthr/o articulation dysarthria cerebr/o cerebrum cerebrospinal (largest part of brain) cerebell/o cerebellum cerebellar (little brain)

3. Combining Forms for the Nervous System
crani/o skull cranium
encephal/o entire brain encephalography
hypn/o sleep hypnosis somn/o polysomnography somn/i somnipathy

4. Combining Forms for the Nervous System
kinesi/o movement kinesiology lex/o word/phrase dyslexia mening/o meninges meningocele meningi/o (membrane) meningitis

5. Combining Forms for the Nervous System
myel/o spinal cord/ myeloma bone marrow narc/o stupor, sleep narcotic neur/o nerve neuralgia

6. Combining Forms for the Nervous System
phas/o speech dysphasia phor/o carry/bear euphoria

7. Combining Forms for the Nervous System
phren/o mind schizophrenia psych/o psychotic thym/o dysthymia schiz/o split schizoid somat/o body psychosomatic

8. Combining Forms for the Nervous System
spin/o spine spinal (thorn) spondyl/o vertebra spondylosyndesis vertebr/o vertebral tax/o order/ ataxic coordination

9. Combining Forms for the Nervous System
top/o place topesthesia ventricul/o ventricle ventriculostomy (belly or pouch) cata- down catatonic

10. Additional Suffixes for the Nervous System
-lepsy seizure narcolepsy -mania condition of necromania abnormal impulse towards -paresis slight paralysis hemiparesis -plegia paralysis paraplegia

11. Nervous System Overview
Intricate communication system
DIVIDED INTO THREE SYSTEMS
Central nervous system (CNS)
brain and spinal Cord
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
nerves that branch from the central nervous system
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
nerves that carry involuntary impulses to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and various glands

12. Nervous System Components

13. Anatomy of the Brain Cerebrum Cerebellum Brainstem
Covered by a cerebral cortex (higher mental fx)
Divided into two hemispheres
Consists of 4 lobes (know what the 4 lobes do)
Cerebellum
Controls coordination of skeletal muscles
Brainstem
Is the brains control center relaying information between the cerebrum, cerebellum, and spinal cord. Is the vitals center (RR, HR, body temp).

14. Brain

15. Central Nervous System (CNS)
Three layers protect the brain and spinal cord called the meninges.
Dura mater
Arachnoid
Pia mater
Within these protection layers is the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

16. Hydrocephalus There can be many causes. Host of sx Meningitis
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Tumor
Host of sx
Vomitting, irratibility, seizures, HA, change in personality, loss of coordination, loss of bladder control

17. Midsagittal View of the Brain

18. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Consists of the nerves that branch off the CNS
Cranial nerves
Spinal nerves
Sensory nerves
Motor nerves

19. PNS continued

20. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Carry the involuntary impulses to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and various glands (i.e. adrenal cortex).
Hypothalamus – the control center
Divided into two more systems
Sympathetic Nervous System – fight or flight
Parasympathetic Nervous System – counterbalance after stressful situation.

21. TIA vs CVA
Brief episode with loss of blood to the brain by a partial occlusion resulting in a temporary neurological deficit.
Think of what the 12 cranial nerves fx are.
Confusion
Diff. speaking
Loss of coordination, speech, & facial movement
Damage to the brain (lack of blood) due to the occlusion of a blood vessel in the brain.
Embolus
Thrombus
hemorrhage

22. Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

23. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

24. The Patient with a CVA or TIA
Aphasia – the lack or inability to form or understand language
Dysarthria – dysfunction in the muscles that control speech
Dysphagia – difficulty speaking
Words Salad – “I ate the blue car at McDonalds”
Flat affect
Paralysis (-plegia)
Hemiparesis (partial on R or L of body) , flaccid or spastic paralysis
Also known as hemiplegia, rarely paraplegic, sometimes quadriplegic
Ataxia
Catatonic

25. Nervous System Symptomatology
Aphasia, dysphagia, dysarthria
Coma
Delirium
Dementia
Neuralgia
3 types of paralysis
Syncope
Herpes zoster (shingles)
Encephalitis vs Myelitis
Seizure
Tonic-clonic (grand mal)
Absence (petit mal)
Partial (focal)
Hydrocephalus
3 types of -plegia

26. Nervous System Diseases
Alzheimer disease
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
AKA Lou Gehrig’s disease
Cerebral palsy (CP)
Epilepsy
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Meningitis
Parkinson’s disease

27. Nervous System Diagnostics/Tests Operative Procedures
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Lumbar Puncture (LP)
Positron emission tomography (PET)
Myelogram
Babinski sign or reflex
Indicative of a CNS disorder
Craniotomy
Diskectomy
Laminectomy
Neuroendovascular surgery
Spondylosyndesis

28. Psychiatric Terms Disorders Flat affect Catatonia Delusion
Hallucination
Ideation
Mania
Psychosis
Autism
Depression
PTSD
OCD
Schizophrenia
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