1. Muscular System Part 1 (This is an incomplete study guide
Muscular System Part 1 (This is an incomplete study guide. Also review your notes, labs and the power points found on-line.

2. Learning Target: Compare skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle cells and tissue. (knowledge)

3. Muscle Cells… Type Striations- Yes or No? Shape-
Branched, Cylindrical, Spindle
Nuclei-
How many?
Contractions-
Voluntary
Involuntary
Location?
Heart
Attached to bone,
Hollow organs and iris
Smooth No
Spindle shaped 1
Hollow organs such as stomach and arteries, iris
Cardiac
Yes
Branched
Skeletal
Cylindrical
Many
Attached to bone

4. Identifying Types of Muscle Tissue1 2 3
Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal

5. Match Types of Tissues With Their Functions
Transmits impulses and messages
Allows heart to pump blood
Allows internal organs and arteries to contract
Allows for movement of bones at joints
Supplies nutrients and removes wastes
Covers and holds muscles in place
Makes up tendons
____ Nervous Tissue
____ Skeletal Muscle Tissue
____ Blood
____ Smooth Muscle Tissue
____ Dense Irregular
____ Cardiac Muscle Tissue
____ Dense regular A D E C F B G

6. Identify the tissue.
Word Bank: Blood, Cardiac Muscle, Dense Irregular, Dense Regular, Nervous, Skeletal Muscle, Smooth Muscle
Cardiac-
Note the striations and intercalated disks

7. Identify the tissue.
Word Bank: Blood, Cardiac Muscle, Dense Irregular, Dense Regular, Nervous, Skeletal Muscle, Smooth Muscle
Blood:
Note the red and white blood cells

8. Identify the tissue.
Word Bank: Blood, Cardiac Muscle, Dense Irregular, Dense Regular, Nervous, Skeletal Muscle, Smooth Muscle
Dense Irregular:
Note the abundance of collagen fibers formed in an irregular pattern.

9. Identify the tissue.
Word Bank: Blood, Cardiac Muscle, Dense Irregular, Dense Regular, Nervous, Skeletal Muscle, Smooth Muscle
Skeletal Muscle:
Note the striations and multiple nuclei per cell.

10. Identify the tissue.
Word Bank: Blood, Cardiac Muscle, Dense Irregular, Dense Regular, Nervous, Skeletal Muscle, Smooth Muscle
Smooth Muscle Tissue:
Note the elongated nuclei and lack of striations.

11. Identify the tissue.
Word Bank: Blood, Cardiac Muscle, Dense Irregular, Dense Regular, Nervous, Skeletal Muscle, Smooth Muscle
Nervous Tissue:
Note the large kite shaped cell and supporting glia cells.

12. Identify the tissue.
Word Bank: Blood, Cardiac Muscle, Dense Irregular, Dense Regular, Nervous, Skeletal Muscle, Smooth Muscle
Dense Regular:
Note the abundance of collagen fibers and the fibroblasts that form them.

13. Learning Target: Describe the role of the nervous system in producing muscle contractions. (knowledge)
What number matches the structure? Myofibril Muscle fiber Axon Axon branch 4 3 1 2

14. Axon branch Folded sarcolemma Mitochondria Muscle Fiber Synaptic cleft Synaptic vesicle 7 10 11 12 9 8

15. Match the structure with the function.
Axon Mitochondria Acetylcholine Synaptic cleft Na+ channels
Create energy
The chemical that crosses the synaptic cleft and results in a muscle contraction
Openings in the sarcolemma that allow the passage of ions necessary for a muscle contraction
The branch of a neuron that delivers an action potential to the muscle cell.
The gap between an axon and muscle cell which chemicals must cross to continue the action potential.

16. What is an action potential?
A muscle contraction
An electrical impulse along a nerve or muscle
The moment chemicals cross a synaptic cleft
The binding of actin and myosin B.

17. Learning Target: Interpret data from an electromyogram. (skill)

18. What is an EMG? An EMG is a graphical recording of muscle activity/electrical activity within muscles.

19. Interpret an EMG graph 1 2 3 1
At which point is the muscle undergoing the greatest strength of contraction?

20. Learning Target: Identify the major parts of skeletal muscle fiber and the function of each part. (knowledge)

21. Skeletal Muscle Structure…
Word Bank: endomysium, epimysium, fascicle, muscle fiber, myofibril, nucleus, perimysium, skeletal muscle

22. Label a Skeletal Muscle Fiber
Actin Filament
Myofibril
Myosin Filament
Sarcomere
Skeletal Muscle Fiber
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

23. Truth or Baloney. An actin filament is thinner than a myosin filament
Truth or Baloney? An actin filament is thinner than a myosin filament. True

24. Learning Target: State the source of energy, cause, steps and final result of a muscle fiber contraction. (knowledge)

25. Neuromuscular Junction
What is the name of the stimulus that travels down an axon and across a muscle fiber?
Action Potential

26. Muscle Contractions Baloney: Na+ enters the muscle fiber
T/B Muscle contractions occur when a nerve impulse releases acetylcholine into muscle fibers. What is the energy source for a muscle contraction? a. ADP b. ATP c. calcium
Baloney: Na+ enters the muscle fiber

27. Sliding Filament Theory
No calcium is present
Which state does this picture represent?
Resting / Myosin-Actin Binding / Power stroke

28. Step 1: Action potential
A nerve action potential releases acetylcholine/ADP into the synaptic cleft opening the Na+ channels.
Action potential spreads across the sarcoplasmic reticulum/sarcolemma releasing CA into the sarcoplasma.
Step 2: Myosin-actin binding
Ca/Na+ binds to troponin
A shape change in troponin moves tropomyocin out of the way of myosin/actin binding site
Actin and myosin bind using energy from cleaved ADP/ATP

29. Step 4: ATP binding and actin-myosin release
Step 3: Power Stroke
Side arms pivot so myosin and actin slide by each other shortening the __________
____ and P released (low energy)
Step 4: ATP binding and actin-myosin release
A different ____ molecule binds to the active site
_______ released
ADP
actin
sarcomere
ATP

30. What step does this picture represent?
Myosin-Actin Binding / Power Stroke / ATP cleavage
1. Return to high energy state
2. Cycle will repeat if calcium is still available

31. What 3 physical changes take place when a skeletal muscle contracts. A
What 3 physical changes take place when a skeletal muscle contracts? A. becomes harder B. gets shorter C. diameter increases D. diameter decreases

32. Muscle Cramps
T/B When calcium is not available the muscle stays contracted which causes a muscle cramp.
Boloney – when ATP isn’t available
the muscle cramps

33. Rigor Mortis
T/B Rigor mortis is a stiffening of the body because of continuous muscle contraction after death.
True
Why does rigor mortis occur?
a. lack of ATP production
b. high supply of Ca ions
c. low supply of Ca ions
d. a & b

34. Learning Target: Investigate the relationship between bones, tendons, and muscles in producing body movements. (reasoning)

35. Tendons
T/B Tendons attach muscle to muscle.
bone

36. Truth or Boloney
T/B Muscles have to work in pairs because each muscle can only perform one action. T/B A ligament attaches muscle to muscle.
bone to bone

37. Learning Target: Define the terms action, origin, and insertion
Learning Target: Define the terms action, origin, and insertion. (knowledge)

38. Fill in the Blank
The location where the muscle is attached to the relatively immovable end of the bone is called the ______. The _________ is the end of the muscle that is attached to the ________ bone.
immovable
insertion
movable
origin

39. Identify the Muscle Action
Elevation and Depression
Flexion
Abduction

40. Learning Target: Explain the role of prime moves, antagonists, and synergists in producing body movements.

41. Fill in the Blank
A ____________ is the muscle that provides most of the movement. _________ are the muscles that assist the prime movers. _________ are the muscles that oppose the action of the prime movers.
Antagonists
Synergists
prime mover

42. Learning Target: Explain the effects of fatigue on muscle action
Learning Target: Explain the effects of fatigue on muscle action. (skill)

43. Truth or Boloney
Katie ran a half marathon. When she finished she could barely walk. T/B Katie could barely walk because her muscle cells were low on ATP, which is also known as fatigue.

44. Does this graph represents muscle fatigue?
NOPE

45. GOOD LUCK!