1. Russian Revolution And World War I
Link Russian Revolution to the casualties exercise they did in the previous lesson using youtube clip as a jumping off point. Should lead right into first slide of ppt.

2. FEVER MODEL OF REVOLUTION
Much like an illness, revolutions can also be studied in stages

3. Russia’s Incubation Stage
Russia is unprepared for WWI
No competent leaders
Czar Nicholas took personal
control of armed forces despite
lack of know how
Industry was unable to produce
weapons (soldiers trained with
broomsticks)

4. Russia’s Incubation Stage
Autocratic rulers
Czar Nicholas II
His will, his word, is LAW
Cut off at war front-
out of touch with internal issues in Russia

6. Russia’s Incubation Stage
Russian people tired
At Home
People starving
Women waiting hours in line for bread
Working 12 hours a day supporting war
Millions dying at the front
Military Embarrassments
Lost Russo-Japanese War in 1905
Defeat after defeat in battles of WWI
Conservative leaders stepped in to try & save monarchy by assassinating Rasputin….too little…too late.
Rasputin – uneducated Siberian peasant who claimed to be a holy man. Was able to calm Alexis and thereby control his hemophilia during an attack. When they tried to kill him, they shot him three times and then tied him up and threw him into the Neva River. He drowned, but before he had managed to untie the knots underwater. There were rumors he was also poisoned before they resorted to shooting him.

7. This stage in an illness is when sickness starts to affect the person
in observable ways. Temperature may rise. A cough might present
itself. The individual might become weak and queasy.
What would this stage be like in a revolution?
In a revolution, this stage would be the first to involve direct
action resulting from the social, political, intellectual, or economic
causes of the incubation stage. This stage might involve the publication
of works calling for a change, street level riots by the common people,
or more direct attempts at changing the society.

8. Russia’s Symptomatic Stage
Series of strikes broke out in 1917
March 8th 10,000 working class women marched through Petrograd with demands.
“Peace & Bread”
“Down with Autocracy”
Alexandra wrote to Nicholas re: the “hooligan movement”
Czar ordered troops to take violent action if necessary to break up the protesters
Soon after large numbers of soldiers joined strike.

9. Russia’s Symptomatic Stage
The Duma (legislative body of Russia) acts
Czar previously tried to dissolve
Met & established a provisional gov’t. headed by Alexander Kerensky
Decided to continued the war effort
Fatal mistake

10. This is the critical stage in an illness where two things can happen.
The individual either breaks the fever after a heightened stage
of illness or the individual gets progressively worse and does not
recover.
What would this stage
be like in a revolution?
Crisis Stage
In a revolution, this stage would be the make or break part of the
struggle. It may involve conflict where sides for and against
the revolution compete. This competition could take the form of
debate or full-scale war. Successful revolutions survive this stage.
Those that do not are usually considered failed rebellions.

11. Russia’s Crisis Stage New Challenges
New gov’t. asked Czar to step down
Lost backing of army
Lost backing of aristocracy
Czar Nicholas Abdicates – steps down
Soviets Organize
Soviets began as a council of workers and soldiers who represented the lower classes (socialists)

12. Russia’s Crisis Stage The Bolsheviks Seize Power
Under leadership of Vladimir I. Lenin became a political party dedicated to violent revolution
The Bolshevik numbers grow quickly as they gathered together other soviets
November 6 - they storm the Winter Palace
Home of the provisional gov’t. which quickly collapsed
Bolsheviks (communists) now in power
headed by Lenin
He promised peace from WWI which
would not be easy to achieve
Bolsheviks start off as one class of soviets, but quickly gain control of that part of the political spectrum and then consolidate the other soviet factions under them

13. Out of WWI Gain Peace for Russia Russia gained peace lost
March 3, 1918, Lenin signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk w/ Germany
Russia gained peace
lost
1 mil. sq. miles
International Prestige

14. Russia’s Crisis Stage Civil War Allied powers
Capitalism against communism
Helped to aid the anti-communist effort during Rev.
White Army
Aristocrats that remained loyal to Czar
Other anti-communist groups in Russia
Civil War
between 1918 & 1921
Between White Army (anti-communist) and the Red Army (pro-communist)

15. This stage involves recovering from the illness. The individual might
be weakened from the experience, but he or she will eventually
emerge healthy and with new knowledge and experience that might
prevent the illness from occurring again.
What would this stage be like in a revolution?
Convalescence
In a revolution, this stage would involve recovering from the extreme
disruptions of the crisis stage. In general, the political, social,
intellectual, or economic causes of the revolution must be addressed in
some way, though not necessarily to the satisfaction of all
revolutionaries.

16. Russia’s Convalescence Stage
Red Army Triumphs- Civil War Is Over
Organized
Genius of Leon Trotsky
Common goal
Conflicting goals among the White Army.
Policy of war communism
Policy ensured Army sent a steady line of supplies
Gave gov’t control over everything
Through terrorists practices & New secret police (“Cheka”)
began a Red Terror aimed at the destruction of all opposed the new regime

17. Russia’s Convalescence Stage
By 1921 communists in total command
transformed Russia into a centralized state dominated by one political party
The civil war also brought feelings of resentment toward allied powers for aiding anti-communists
Lenin died soon thereafter; revered as Father of Russian Communism
Russia will remain communist until 1991

18. Lenin’s Tomb

19. Preserved- Vladimar Lenin

20. So what happened to the Royals?
The royal family was held in captivity for over a year with their fate always uncertain
Eventually fell victim to the Red Army
Night of July 16- members of the local soviet murdered the czar and his family
Legends everywhere about the youngest two surviving the slaughter
Lots of imposters
When bodies exhumed recently…. 2 missing