1. Thermal Physics Energy meter Thermometer Immersion heater
Known quantity of water
Learning Objectives
The arrangement of particles in solids, liquids and gases
The difference between thermal energy and temperature
How to demonstrate the different types of thermal energy transfer
Measuring Specific Heat Capacity
Latent Heat

2. Kinetic Theory
Kinetic theory seeks to explain the behaviour of solids, liquids and gases by considering the arrangement and motion of particles.

3. Methods of Thermal Energy Transfer
Conduction:

4. Rates of cooling
Initially the rate of cooling is high because there is a large difference in temperature between the surroundings and the object that is cooling
As the object cools, there is a smaller difference in temperature between the object and the surroundings, so the rate of cooling is lower

5. Specific Heat Capacity
Specific heat capacity is a property of a material
It tells us how much energy is required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1k
The equation linking specific heat capacity, energy, mass and temperature change is:
Energy (J) = Mass (kg) x SHC (J/kg˚C) x Temp. Change (˚C)
E = mcθ

6. Calculating the specific heat capacity of water
Thermometer
Copy and complete:
1) What measurements will we need to make to calculate the specific heat capacity of water?
Immersion heater
2) What is the equation for specific heat capacity?
3) Substitute the values we measure into the equation and calculate the specific heat capacity of water.
Energy meter
Known quantity of water

7. Latent Heat
The specific latent heat of a substance is the energy required to melt or boil 1kg of the substance.
The graph on the left shows that as a substance melts or boils, the temperature of that substance does not change. This is because the energy that is being transferred to the substance is being used to break bonds during the melting and boiling process and not to increase the average kinetic energy of the particles.