1. IoT Intensive Smart Cities Enable Innovative Engineering Industries
Raj Reddy
Carnegie Mellon University
Nov 1, 2016
Keynote Speech at International Forum on Innovation and Emerging Industries Development (IEID), Shanghai, China on Nov 1, 2016

2. The Vision
Innovation is the Basis of New Economy and New Business Creation
Information Technology the Primary Engine that is Fueling Innovation Today
The Key Technology Trends in IT are Around
Internet of Things (IoT)
Smart Cities
Innovative Engineering Industries are Expected to Emerge Around IoT and Smart Cities
This is a Review of Options in These Areas

3. Internet of Things (IoT)
What is IoT?
Permits interacting with Objects Not Just People
Imagine if you can talk to your Farm, Car, or House
instant Status Reports Permit Quick Reaction and Resolution Before Situation Can Gets Explosive
Anomaly Detection and Rapid Reaction Essential Part of IoT
Every Aspect of People, Places and Things within a City is Knowable and Actionable instantaneously
Innovative Industries Providing IoT-based Product and Services?
A Fully Connected Society will Create a Frictionless Economy Where There are No Delays, Wasted Effort, and Shortages of Essential Goods and Services.
Government must Provide Application Specific Affordable Kits

4. Role of IoT Within A Smart City
Rapid Response to Problems Within a City by Effective Use of IoT.
Monitor, Diagnosis, and Resolve Day-to-Day Problems
Rapid Detection and Repair of Breakdowns and interruption of Essential Services
Power Grid
Transportation and Traffic Management
Water Consumption
Health Epidemics
Food Prices
Homelessness, Mental Health and Suicides

5. Types of Societal Disruptions
Extreme Weather
Heat/Drought
Hurricanes/Typhoons/Cyclones
Winter Storm
Flooding
Rains/Seasonal
Tsunami
Earthquakes
Fires
Health/Environmental
Man-made
Accidents
Malicious
Pests
Volcanoes

6. Proposed Approach
Societies Must Organize to Deal With Scarcity of Products and Disruption of Services by Creating
Instant Administration, Instant Infrastructure, and Instant Supply-chain.
Reducing losses through
Modeling
Analysis
Education, Outreach, and Advisories
Response Assistance and Coordination
Creating solutions for
Prevention
Prediction
Response
Recovery

7. Attributes of Disruptions
Lives Lost
Economic Impact
Direct
Losses
Response
Indirect
Primary (output reduction, etc.)
Secondary (productivity, fiscal, etc.)
Warning/Lead Times
Geographic coverage
Risk mitigation options
Response requirements

8. Organizing Rapid Response to Disruption of Products and Services
Society Needs to Create Rapid Response
Methodologies,
Products, and
Solutions
by Effective Use of Information Technology
The Challenge is to Provide
The Right Information
To The Right People
At the Right Time
In The Right Language
At The Right Level Of Detail
by creating a world-class technology for monitoring, analysis and diagnosis, and response to natural and man-made disasters

9. Current Limitations Jurisdictional, hierarchy and coordination issues
Most resources and responsibilities are local
Few integrated solutions
Need to span analysis, prevention, and response
Must be interdisciplinary
information management challenges
“Best Practices” and state of knowledge
often reactive or static
May be unknown, ignored, or not incident-relevant
Responding to disasters
Who knows what, where, when, what detail, etc.?
Is the information relevant, timely, trustworthy, actionable?

10. Action Items Preparedness Assessment
“Maturity Models” Equivalent
Develop And Disseminate Best Practices
Monitor And Communicate Disaster Information
Design Solutions For Managing And Responding To Disasters
Instant Infrastructure
Instant Bureaucracy
Instant Supply Chain

11. Instant Infrastructure Needs:
Instant Infrastructure Needs: Short-term (survival) Long-term (rebuilding and/or migration)
Instant: When you need, you have it
Food
Water
Shelter
Healthcare/medicines
Energy
Communications
Law & Order
Transportation and Machinery
Robotic and other rescue
Evacuation
Commercial and governmental activities
Continuity
Special Issues, e.g.,
National Security
Sovereignty
Profiteering concerns
Pets
Interdependencies

12. Instant Administration Need: Rapid decision-making framework and authority
Responders Can Be
Local, Regional, National, or Global
Military Forces, Civilian Contractors, Volunteers, Etc.
Must Share Information and Manage Interactions
Large Need for Standards, Schemas, Etc.

13. Instant Supply Chain Need: Optimize flow of goods and services (and information)
Meet needs of survivors and responders
Modular and “drop-in” solutions
Predefined and predetermined service providers
Advanced IT, databases, and communications
Matching supplies with demands in (near) real-time
E.g., RFIDs, sensor networks, etc.

14. Necessary Infrastructure in A Smart City
Connectivity: Balloon, Solar Drones or Satellite
Wi-Fi Connectivity
Computing: Smart Phones and iPads
Smart Phone/Tablet for Everyone
Reliable Energy Sources
Digital Literacy
Technologies for Monitoring, Diagnosis and Repair of Essential Goods and Services
Food Energy Water 
Medical Supplies Agriculture Transportation
Healthcare  Sanitation Education
Telecom Shelter/Housing Entertainment
Banking Shopping

15. Observations IoT Enables interaction with inanimate Objects
IoT Provides Access to information and Knowledge Previously inaccessible
IoT is the Next Big Thing That Will Transform Lives
If you can measure it, you can improve it
Societal: Early Warning Systems on Cyclones, Tsunamis, tornados
Personal: Entertainment, Education, Health, Communication
Economic: Alerts on Job Postings, Deadlines, Market Prices
Government must Provide Plug and Play Affordable Kits to Users
individuals cannot be Expected to Master the Hardware, Software and Customization of IoT Technologies, and
IoT Literacy Video Training Programs for Each Application

16. Conclusions Disruption Will Happen From Time to Time in All Societies.
Rapid Response to Such Dislocations Will Be An Essential Feature of Future Technologically Advanced Communities.
Societies Must Organize to Deal With Scarcity of Products and Disruption of Services by Creating
Instant Administration, Instant Infrastructure, and Instant Supply-chain.
IoT Enabled Monitoring, Diagnosis, and Repair Will Be The Foundational Elements of All Such Solutions
Requiring Innovative Engineering Industries That Self-organize to Provide Autonomic Response and Solutions
In The Future, Emerging Industries Will Develop Around Smart Cities to Provide IoT Enabled Autonomic Response to Scarcity and Disruption.
Smart Cities and Smart Villages Need to Evolve Industries That Provide Such Autonomic Response.