1. DEGRP: DFID-ESRC Growth Research Programme, Call 3
Research Project Workshop
At SOAS University of London, March 3rd – 4th 2017
Delivering Inclusive Financial Development and Growth (ESRC Reference: ES/N013344/1) by
Victor Murinde and associates
University of Birmingham and collaborating institutions

2. DEGRP: DFID-ESRC Growth Research Programme, Call 3
Research Project Workshop
At SOAS University of London, March 3rd – 4th 2017
Workstream 3.1 Mobile Technology, Financial Inclusion and Poverty-Reduction in Selected African Countries: Data Issues in Understanding Financial Inclusion in Africa by Fei Jiang, Christopher J. Green, Ahmad H. Ahmad School of Business and Economics, Loughborough University

3. INTRODUCTION Micro-level data and macro-level data
Determinants of the take up of mobile finance? At country level/household level?
The impact of mobile finance on financial inclusion and poverty-reduction?
The pricing and market structure of mobile money operators? ……
Micro-level data and macro-level data
Micro-level: household surveys, enterprise surveys…
Macro-level: aggregate information, country total
Demand-side data and supply-side data (Aron, 2015)
Demand-side: data collected from mobile money users, households or firms, field interviews
Supply-side: data recorded by mobile money providers/operators, e.g. administrative telecoms data
DEGRP: DFID-ESRC Growth Research Programme, Call 3
SOAS Meeting 03/03/2017
Data Issues in Understanding Financial Inclusion in Africa

4. DATA SOURCES Demand-side Data Supply-side Data Micro-level Data
Database
Compiler
Micro-level Data
Household Surveys
Global Findex
World Bank IBRD/IDA, Gallup World Poll
Mobile Money Deployment Tracker
GSMA Intelligence
Financial Inclusion Insight (FII)
InterMedia
Financial Sector Deepening (FSDs)
* FinScope Consumer
FinMark Trust
Mobile Money Programme
* FinAccess
FSD Kenya
Afrobarometer
Enterprise Surveys
FinScope MSME
World Bank Enterprise Surveys
World Bank Enterprise Analysis Unit
Macro-level Data
International Telecommunication Union Yearbooks (ITU)
ITU
IMF Financial Access Survey (FAS)
IMF
World Bank Global Financial Development Database (GFDD)
World Bank
DEGRP: DFID-ESRC Growth Research Programme, Call 3
SOAS Meeting 03/03/2017
Data Issues in Understanding Financial Inclusion in Africa

5. DATA COVERAGE Database Country Year Micro-level Data Household Surveys
Global Findex
148 economies in 2011, 143 economies in 2014
FII Programme
Nigeria, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda; Indonesia, Pakistan, India and Bangladesh. * Ghana, Rwanda
FinScope Consumer
26 countries
Various
FinAccess
Kenya
2006, 09, 13, 16
Afrobarometer
Started from 12 African countries, gradually expanded to 36 African countries
6 Rounds during
Enterprise Surveys
FinScope MSME
7 SADC countries
2012 (South Africa 2010)
World Bank Enterprise Surveys
148 economies
Telecoms Data
GSMA
237 countries
now
ITU
200+ economies
1960, 1965, 1970,
Macro-level Data
FAS
189 economies
GFDD
203 economies
Country
Year/Observation
2008
2009
2010
2011
2014
2015
2016
SADC
Botswana
1400
1503
Democratic Republic of Congo
5000
Lesotho
2000
Madagascar
5040
Malawi
4993
3005
Mauritius
4000
Mozambique
5028
3928
Namibia
South Africa
2010, 2012, 2014, interviews
Swaziland
3632
3440
Tanzania
Zambia
Zimbabwe
3984
Other Africa
Ghana
3643
Kenya
Nigeria
Rwanda
6150
12480
Togo
5197
Uganda
3001
Asia
Cambodia
India
16000
Lao
Myanmar
5100
Nepal
4014
Pakistan
Source:
DEGRP: DFID-ESRC Growth Research Programme, Call 3
SOAS Meeting 03/03/2017
Data Issues in Understanding Financial Inclusion in Africa

6. MOBILE MONEY – VARIABLES
Global Findex
Global Findex 2011
– Used a mobile phone to pay bills/ send money/ receive money
Global Findex 2014 included further variables
– How people receive wages, government transfers, and payments for agricultural products
– How people make utility and school payments
– How people send or receive domestic remittances
DEGRP: DFID-ESRC Growth Research Programme, Call 3
SOAS Meeting 03/03/2017
Data Issues in Understanding Financial Inclusion in Africa

7. MOBILE MONEY – VARIABLES
FII
Comprehensive mobile money related questions
– Access to and ownership of mobile technology
– Digital financial services/mobile money: mobile money awareness and sources of information, mobile money adoption and drivers
– Point-of-service (POS)/mobile money agent-related experiences of mobile money users
FinScope
– Mobile money awareness, mobile money adoption and drivers
DEGRP: DFID-ESRC Growth Research Programme, Call 3
SOAS Meeting 03/03/2017
Data Issues in Understanding Financial Inclusion in Africa

8. MOBILE MONEY – VARIABLES
GSMA
– Data collected from mobile phone operator
– The number of live and planned mobile money services for the unbanked
– The providers, name of the mobile money service, its launch date, the financial products offered, partners involved
– Further information on mobile insurance, mobile credit and savings services since 2014
ITU
– Data collected from annual questionnaire, usually from the regulatory authority, the ministry in charge of telecommunication and ICT, operators
– Mobile phone subscriptions, quality of service, internet (fixed- and mobile-broadband subscription data), traffic, staff, prices, revenue, investment and statistics on ICT access and use by households and individual
DEGRP: DFID-ESRC Growth Research Programme, Call 3
SOAS Meeting 03/03/2017
Data Issues in Understanding Financial Inclusion in Africa

9. MOBILE MONEY – VARIABLES
FAS
– Administrative data, from traditional financial service providers (e.g. commercial banks, microfinance institutions, other deposit-taking institutions), and providers of digital financial services (e.g. mobile money)
– Mobile money: MM accounts, MM agent outlets, MM balance value, and MM transactions at country level
GFDD
– Indicators measure depth, access, efficiency, and stability of financial systems
– Other indicators, e.g. measures of concentration and competition in the banking sector
– Two indicators concerning mobile money: mobile phone used to send money (% age 15+), mobile phone used to pay bills (% age 15+)
DEGRP: DFID-ESRC Growth Research Programme, Call 3
SOAS Meeting 03/03/2017
Data Issues in Understanding Financial Inclusion in Africa

10. SUMMARY Various survey data Challenge Gaps and overlaps among surveys
Survey methods: e.g. definition of adult age
To aggregate household survey for region-level or macro-level study??
Challenge
Availability of countries vs. years vs. variables
Balanced/unbalance panel
Missing data
Costs
Going Forward
From these sources, we aim to build data files for our empirical work on Financial Inclusion in Africa
DEGRP: DFID-ESRC Growth Research Programme, Call 3
SOAS Meeting 03/03/2017
Data Issues in Understanding Financial Inclusion in Africa

11. THANK YOU! DEGRP: DFID-ESRC Growth Research Programme, Call 3
SOAS Meeting 03/03/2017
Data Issues in Understanding Financial Inclusion in Africa