1. CH. 3 THE CELLULAR LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION
Epithelial
Muscle
Connective
Nervous

2. Ch. 3 THE CELLULAR LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION
ORDER OF TOPICS
Introduction
3.1 The Cell Membrane
Structure
The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
The Nucleus
The Plasma Membrane
Membrane Transport  Lab 9
Generation of a Resting Membrane Potential
Cell-Environment Interactions
Cell Growth and Reproduction  Labs 5 & 6
Protein Synthesis  Labs 7 & 8
Lab 4

3. Terms to know prior to class
Cell Theory, Diversity, Size, 3 main parts of cells
Cell Membrane functions, main component of double layer
Integral membrane proteins
Definition of Cytoplasm, Cytosol, and Organelles
Basic functions of Cell Membrane, Double layer-main components
Mitochondria Function & Cell Respiration Reaction
Ribosomes—all
Endoplasmic Reticulum Types & Structure

4. I Overview of the Cellular Basis of Life Slide 1
Cell Theory
Cell Diversity
Cell Size: 2µm to 1m

5. Cell Anatomy Slide 2
Three main regions 1. 2. 3.
Figure 3.1a

6. II THE CELL MEMBRANE Slide 3
A. Basic Functions:
Boundary
Protection
Regulates movement of substances
Plasma membranes are
Semi-Permeable!

7. Slide 4 B. Fluid Mosaic Model: Structure and Composition
Consistency:
Double layer of:
Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic
Mostly unsaturated- effect?
Inner & outer surfaces: P

8. Plasma Membrane: phospholipid structure Slide 5
3. Cholesterol
Location
Function
Glycolipids
= 20%
Figure 3.2

9. Peripheral Proteins: Functions: Fig 3.4-c,d
Slide 6
PROTEINS– Integral & Peripheral a) Integral Membrane Proteins: Functions: Fig. 3.4-all
Peripheral Proteins: Functions: Fig 3.4-c,d
Example--
Integral Protein
Peripheral Protein

10. Slide 7
5. Glycoproteins: Glycocalyx-- Is in contact w/ extracellular Fluid Function: Fig 3.4-f

11. Functions of Membrane Proteins– Fig. 3.4
Transport
Enzymatic activity
Receptors for signal transduction
Figure 3.4.1

12. Functions of Membrane Proteins …
Intercellular adhesion
Cell-cell recognition
Attachment to cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix
Figure 3.4.2

13. C. Membrane Junctions Membrane Junctions = Tight junctions:
Desmosomes:
Gap junctions:
Figure 3.3

14. SKIP “TRANSPORT ACROSS MEMBRANES” P. FOR NOW
GO TO TEXT P.
The Cytoplasm and Organelles

15. III. The Cytoplasm and Organelles A. Introduction-- Components
Endomembrane
System
2. Cytosol:
3. Other
Vesicles
Vacuoles
Granules

16. B. Endomembrane System Organelles
1. Mitochondria
a) Structure
Outer membrane
Inner membrane
Cristae
Matrix
b) Function
Cellular Respiration
C6H12O O2  CO H2O + ENERGY
32ADP P  32ATP
c) DNA

17. 2. Ribosomes 3. Endoplasmic Reticulum Size Structure Composition
Function
3. Endoplasmic
Reticulum
a) Structure
b) Types
i) Rough ER
Functions

18. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Function
Ribosome
Protein
Protein inside transport vesicle
Transport vesicle buds off
mRNA
Rough ER
Proteins travel to Golgi or cell membrane
Figure 3.5, step 4

19. 3. Endoplasmic Reticulum … b) Types …
ii) Smooth ER
Structure
Functions
4. Golgi apparatus
a) Structure
b) Functions
i) Secretion Vesicles
Pathway 1
Rough ER
Golgi apparatus
Vesicle
Figure 3.6
Plasma membrane

20. Secretion … Pathway 2 Pathway 2 Figure 3.6
Golgi vesicle containing membrane components fuses with the plasma membrane
Pathway 2
Pathway 2
Figure 3.6

21. iii) Makes Lysosomes Pathway 3 Figure 3.6 Rough ER
Membrane
Lysosome fuses with ingested substances
Golgi vesicle containing digestive enzymes becomes a lysosome
Pathway 3
Figure 3.6
Golgi apparatus

22. C. Peroxisomes Structure Function
- contain enzymes = Oxidases & Catalases
- Then, H2O2  H2O and O2

23. D. Cytoskeleton Composition: Functions:
Types: Microtubules, Microfilaments, & Intermediate Filaments
Composition & Functions-- STUDENTS DO
Figure 3.7a

24. E. Centrioles
Made of:
Location:

25. E. Centrioles …
Functions:

26. F. Organelles that cause Cellular Movement
1. Flagella
2. Cilia
Function:
mucus

27. 2. Cilia …
Figure 3.27b

28. G. Plasma Membrane Specializations
1. Microvilli
Example:
Figure 3.3

29. IV. The Nucleus
A. Function:
B. Contains:

30. C. Components
1. Nuclear envelope
Pores
2. Nucleoli
3. Chromatin-DNA

31. histones: organize DNA nucleosomes
Chromatin …
histones: organize DNA
nucleosomes
chromosomes = each contains 2 duplicate DNA molecules
- Chromatids
Figure 3.29

32. Homologous DNA Molecules – 23 pairs Homologous Chromosomes
Centromere:
Chromosome Function:
Homologous DNA Molecules
– 23 pairs
Homologous Chromosomes
2n cells
1n cells
Chromosomes …
Duplicated DNA molecules
Chromatin
Chromosome

33. END
TO NEXT PPT

34. Review Question
2a. Why is the cell membrane considered semi-permeable?
2b. Phospholipids make good boundary forming molecules in water because they have ____________ heads that are attracted to water and _______________ tails that do not mix with water.

35. Review Question 5. Match the following organelles to their functions:
Metabolize lipids and detoxify certain chemicals
Powerhouse of the cell
Makes proteins
Makes proteins, helps make new membrane, sends out secretions
Modifies proteins, helps make new membrane, makes lysosomes, sends out secretions
Ribosome
Mitochondria
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Golgi Body

36. Review Questions
1. Which of the following are true concerning cell diversity?
Cells can contain different amounts of the different organelles.
Different cell types carry out many different functions.
Different types of cells make different types of proteins.
All cells have at least a few microvilli, cilia, and flagella.

37. Review Questions
1. Which of the following are true concerning cell diversity?
Cells can contain different amounts of the different organelles.
Different cell types carry out many different functions.
Different types of cells make different types of proteins.
All cells have at least a few microvilli, cilia, and flagella.

38. Review Questions
1. Which of the following are true concerning cell diversity?
Cells can contain different amounts of the different organelles.
Different cell types carry out many different functions.
Different types of cells make different types of proteins.
All cells have at least a few microvilli, cilia, and flagella.