1. Immunological diagnosis methods

2. Immunoglobulin 면역글로불린: plasma cell이 만드는 당단백질
기능: 항원과 결합, effector (보체 결합, 백혈구 활성화)
Used with permission from: Dr. Mike Clark, Immunology Division, Department of Pathology Cambridge University, Cambridge, England

3. Immunoglobulin Structure
Heavy & Light Chains
Disulfide bonds
Inter-chain
Intra-chain
CH1 VL CL VH
CH2
CH3
Hinge Region
Carbohydrate
Disulfide bond

4. Immunoglobulin Fragments: Structure/Function Relationships
Ag Binding
Complement Binding Site
Placental Transfer
Binding to Fc Receptors

6. 1. Precipitation reactions
; Antigen + IgM or Ig G = aggregate (lattices)
Precipitation curve
; Ag-Ab optimal ratio
; Soluble antigen

7. 2) Precipitin ring test

11. 3) Immunodiffusion test
4) Immunoelectrophoresis

13. 2. Agglutination reactions
Particulate antigen or soluble antigen adhering to particles
Very sensitive, easy to read
Direct/indirect

14. Direct agglutination tests
; large cellular Ag
(RBC, bacteria, fungi)
; Microtiter plate

15. 2) Indirect (Passive) Agglutination Tests

16. 참고 ; Agglutination Test (on slide glass)

17. Agglutination reaction (on Test tube)

18. 3. Complement-Fixation reactions
; 보체의 고전경로의 활성화에 의한 용혈능을 이용

19. 4. Fluorescent-Antibody Techniques
Fluorescent dye (as FITC)
quick, sensitive, very specific
Direct/indirect

20. Fluorescent-Antibody Technique

21. Fluorescent-Antibody Technique (for Pathogen detection)

22. Fluorescent-Antibody Technique (for Antibody detection)

23. 5. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
Direct ELISA
Indirect ELISA
임상 사용 예:
home pregnancy test

25. 6. Western blot for detecting antigen
Protein electrophoresis

26. 2. Electrotransfer
3. Antibody detection

27. 7. Immunohistochemistry
in situ hybridization(using a probe)

28. Radioimmune Assay (RIA)

29. 8. Flow cytometry