1. Study Guide Available on My Online Classroom
Chapter 18 Review
Study Guide Available on My Online Classroom

2. Describe the route food takes from ingestion through elimination.

3. Describe the route food takes from ingestion through elimination.
Chew/saliva/tongue
Esophagus (peristalsis)
Stomach/gastric juices (cement mixer)
Small intestine (absorption through villi)
Large intestine (absorb water, vitamins, minerals)

4. What are three organs that play a part in the digestive process?

5. What are three organs that play a part in the digestive process?
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas

6. Food is moved through the digestive tract by a series of involuntary muscular contractions called what?

7. Food is moved through the digestive tract by a series of involuntary muscular contractions called what?
peristalsis

8. The mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods for use by the body’s cells is what?

9. The mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods for use by the body’s cells is what?
digestion

10. What are ureters?

11. What are ureters?
Tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder

12. Saliva serves 2 functions. What are they?

13. Saliva serves 2 functions. What are they?
Begins the breakdown of food (particularly carbohydrates).
Lubricates the food for easier passage through esophagus.

14. What are 2 dangers of excessive laxative use?
Prevents mineral absorption
Body may become dependent on them to function normally

15. What is used to break up kidney stones?

16. What is used to break up kidney stones?
Radio waves

17. What is used to break up gallstones?

18. What is used to break up gallstones?
Ultrasound shock waves

19. A yellowish-green, bitter fluid important in breaking down fats.

20. A yellowish-green, bitter fluid important in breaking down fats.
bile

21. The process of chewing

22. The process of chewing
mastication

23. A burning discomfort in the upper abdomen that can result from eating too much or too fast

24. A burning discomfort in the upper abdomen that can result from eating too much or too fast
indigestion

25. The digestive enzymes tripsin, amylase, and lipase are produced where?

26. The digestive enzymes tripsin, amylase, and lipase are produced where?
pancreas

27. What is an infection in the bladder called?

28. What is an infection in the bladder called?
cystitis

29. What are swollen veins in the lower rectum and anus?

30. What are swollen veins in the lower rectum and anus?
hemorrhoids

31. The passage of digested food from the digestive tract into the circulatory system is what?

32. The passage of digested food from the digestive tract into the circulatory system is what?
absorption

33. What is the main function of the large intestine?

34. What is the main function of the large intestine?
Absorb water and eliminate undigested food

35. ___________ is a stomach acid strong enough to dissolve metal.

36. ___________ is a stomach acid strong enough to dissolve metal.
Hydrochloric acid

37. What is the expulsion of undigested food or body wastes?

38. What is the expulsion of undigested food or body wastes?
elimination

39. Technique of removing waste from the blood by using an artificial kidney machine?

40. Technique of removing waste from the blood by using an artificial kidney machine?
hemodialysis

41. Inflammation of the large intestine?

42. Inflammation of the large intestine?
colitis

43. Creamy fluid produced in the stomach churning together food and gastric juices?

44. Creamy fluid produced in the stomach churning together food and gastric juices?
chyme

45. What is the purpose of the gallbladder in the digestive system?

46. What is the purpose of the gallbladder in the digestive system?
Bile created here and carried to small intestines. Aids in breakdown of fats.

47. If you laugh while swallowing, what closes so food does not enter the windpipe?

48. If you laugh while swallowing, what closes so food does not enter the windpipe?
Epiglottis

49. Condition in which part of the stomach pushes through the diaphragm?

50. Condition in which part of the stomach pushes through the diaphragm?
Hiatal hernia

51. Tube extending from the pharynx to the stomach?

52. Tube extending from the pharynx to the stomach?
esophagus

53. What is the role of the tongue in the digestive process?

54. What is the role of the tongue in the digestive process?
Form food into a ball to prepare for swallowing.

55. What is the role of the tongue in the digestive process?

56. A sore in the lining of the stomach?

57. A sore in the lining of the stomach?
Peptic ulcer

58. Leads from the bladder to the outside of the body?

59. Leads from the bladder to the outside of the body?
urethra

60. When does your body use reverse peristalsis?

61. When does your body use reverse peristalsis?
vomiting

62. 3 things that happen in the mouth in the digestive process?

63. 3 things that happen in the mouth in the digestive process?
Mastication
Saliva
Tongue

64. Waste products not removed from the body can be?

65. Waste products not removed from the blood via the kidneys can potentially be?
toxic

66. Describe the function of the stomach including the roles that pepsin and hydrochloric acid play. How are the digestive problems of heartburn and gastric ulcers particularly related to the stomach?

67. Describe the function of the stomach including the roles that pepsin and hydrochloric acid play. How are the digestive problems of heartburn and gastric ulcers particularly related to the stomach?
The functions of the stomach are to continue the breakdown of food, to store food, to mix together the food and gastric juices, and to control the rate at which food enters the small intestine. Pepsin and hydrochlordic are a part of the gastric juices secreted by the stomach. The digestive problems of heartburn and a gastric ulcer are particularly related to the gastric juices from the stomach. For example, a cause of heartburn is the backflow of stomach acids into the esophagus. A gastric ulcer develops when something damages the stomach’s protective lining, allowing the stomach acids to “eat away” to it.