1. Human Body Systems

2. Functions of the Skeletal System
Provides shape & support
Helps you move
Protects organs
Produces blood cells
Stores certain minerals

3. Organs of the Skeletal System
Bones
Cartilage
L i g a m e n t
B o n e B o n e

4. Bone Marrow Marrow – soft connective tissue found in spaces in bone
Red marrow
Produces the body’s blood cells
Yellow marrow
Stores fat (energy reserve)

5. Functions of the Muscular System
Helps the body move
Moves food through the digestive system
Keeps the heart beating

6. Muscle Action Involuntary muscle Voluntary muscles
Muscles not under your conscious control
Ex: muscles used for breathing & digesting food
Voluntary muscles
Muscles that are under your conscious control
Ex: Smiling, turning the pages in a book, walking to class

7. Organs of the Muscular System: Muscles Types
Skeletal Muscle
Attached to bones &
move bones using tendons
Connective tissue attaching
muscles to bones
Striated, or banded
Voluntary
Organs of the Muscular System: Muscles Types

8. Organs of the Muscular System: Muscle Types
Smooth Muscle
Inside many internal organs
Involuntary
Ex: Stomach
Organs of the Muscular System: Muscle Types

9. Organs of the Muscular System: Muscle Types
Cardiac Muscle
Found only in the heart
Involuntary
Never gets tired
(unlike skeletal muscles)
T e n d o n
M u s c l e
Organs of the Muscular System: Muscle Types

10. How do muscles work? Muscles move by contracting, or becoming shorter
Must work in pairs
One contracts, the other returns to its original length

11. Functions of the Digestive System
Breaks down food into molecules the body can use
2. Rids the body of solid waste

12. Roles of Organs Mouth – mechanical & chemical digestion starts here
Mechanical – physically breaking down food (teeth)
Chemical – breakdown of molecules of food (saliva)
Esophagus – muscular tube connecting the mouth to the stomach
Peristalsis (muscle contraction) moves the food

13. Roles of Organs
Epiglottis- flap that keeps food from entering the trachea
Stomach
Most mechanical digestion takes place
Some chemical with the help of digestive juices (enzymes & acids)
Small Intestine
Most of the chemical digestion takes place
Absorption of nutrients from digested food into the bloodstream

14. Roles of Organs Large Intestine Rectum & Anus
Water is absorbed into the bloodstream
Remaining material is readied for elimination from the body
Rectum & Anus
Waste material is compressed into solid form
Opening where waste exits the body

15. Roles of Accessory/Secondary Organs:
Liver
Produces bile used in the digestion of fat
Gallbladder
Stores bile until it is needed in the small intestine
Pancreas
Produces other digestive juices that are sent to the small intestine for digestion

16. Carries needed substances to cells and carries wastes away from cells.
Functions of the Circulatory System
Carries needed substances to cells and carries wastes away from cells.

17. Organs of the Circulatory System
1. Heart
-4 chambers:
Right & left atria
Right & left ventricle
2. Blood vessels
-veins
-arteries
-capillaries
3. Blood
-plasma
-platelets
-red blood cells
-white blood cells

18. Functions of the Respiratory System
Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body.
2. It also removes carbon dioxide
and water from the body.

19. Organs of the Respiratory System
Path of air into the body:
nose pharynx trachea bronchi alveoli
The diaphragm is the muscle underneath the lungs that
aids in the breathing process.

20. Functions of the Nervous System
Receives information about what is happening inside & outside of the body.
Directs the body’s response to this information.
(Remember stimulus and response?)
3. Helps maintain homeostasis.

21. Organs of the Nervous System
Brain
Nerves (neurons – nerve cells)
Spinal Cord

22. Central Nervous System
Brain - controls most functions in the body
Cerebrum
Interprets input from the senses
Controls movement of skeletal muscles
Complex mental processes (learning)
Cerebellum
Coordinates muscle actions & balance
Brainstem (medulla)
Controls involuntary actions (ex: breathing)
Spinal cord - link between brain & the rest of the body

23. Functions of the Integumentary System (Skin)
Covers the body & prevents water loss
Protects the body from injury & infection
Regulates body temperature
Eliminate wastes (perspiration)
Gathers information about the environment
Produces vitamin D

24. Layers of the Skin Epidermis Dermis Outermost layer
No nerves or blood vessels
Surface is made of dead cells (provide protection)
Dermis
Lower layer of the skin
Contains nerves, blood vessels, sweat glands, hairs & oil glands

25. The Skin

26. Function of the Urinary System:
Filter wastes from blood
Eliminate liquid wastes (urine)
from the body

27. Urinary System: Kidneys
Eliminate urea, excess water, & some other waste materials
Filter wastes from the blood
Produce urine
Ureters
Tubes that transport urine to
the bladder from the kidneys
Urinary Bladder
Stores urine until it can be
released from the body
Urethra
Tube that carries urine out of the body

28. Function of the Excretory Systems:
All of the organs/systems collect and remove wastes from the body.

29. Excretory Systems/Organs:
Urinary System
The kidneys filter wastes from the blood & and removes urine (liquid waste) from the body
Digestive System
The lg. intestine, rectum, & anus help remove solid wastes from the body
Respiratory System
The lungs remove carbon dioxide produced during cellular respiration
Integumentary System (Skin)
Removes perspiration (dissolved waste materials)