1. European Imperialism in Africa
Unit 1 - Africa

2. Imperialism
Domination by a country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region.

3. Markets for Finished Goods Soc. & Eco. Opportunities
European Nationalism
Source for
Raw
Materials
Missionary Activity
Industrial
Revolution
European
Motives
For Colonization
Markets for Finished Goods
Military & Naval Bases
Social Darwinism
European Racism
Humanitarian Reasons
Soc. & Eco. Opportunities
“White Man’s Burden”

4. Motives Economic By late 1800s, Europe had industrialized
Needed Africa for its raw materials.
Palm oil, rubber, ivory.
Markets to sell goods

5. Motives
Political
Wanted to claim land to boost their power in the world; nationalism.
Navy’s needed bases around the world.

6. Motives Religious Missionary Work
Wanted to spread Western religion (Christianity)
Believed it was superior
Some set up health care and schools
Kipling’s “White Man’s Burden”

7. Motives European Racism Racial superiority to non-westerners
Social Darwinism
“Survival of the fittest”

8. John Speke: The Source of the Nile
Exploration
Until 1800s, Europeans relied on Tribal leaders for slaves.
Did not explore on their own
During the 19th century, they began to search for the source of the African rivers.
John Speke: The Source of the Nile

9. Missionaries Religious figures sincere in efforts
Nonetheless, still viewed Africans as “children” in need of guidance.

10. Dr. David Livingstone Missionary; Traveled the continent for 30 years.
Wrote about experiences, paved way for other explorers.
Found by Henry Stanley in 1871.

11. European Explorers in Africa

12. “Scramble for Africa”
King Leopold II of Belgium colonized the Congo River Basin.
Set off chain reaction in Europe

13. Berlin Conference
To avoid war, European powers set up meeting in Berlin, Germany.
No Africans invited
Results
Free trade on major rivers
Must set up govt. office
Officials would exert power over tribe leaders.

14. Berlin Conference
Or another point of view? 

15. Results of Berlin Conference
20 years after, almost entire continent was colonized
France controlled large part
No understanding of tradition or geography
“We have been engaged in drawing lines upon maps where no white man’s foot has ever trod.”

16. European Colonization/Decolonization Patterns
Berlin Conference of

17. 5-8 Million Victims (50% of Pop.)
Horrors of the Congo
Leopold exploited resources of Congo
Rubber, ivory, copper
Belgian overseers tortured African workers
Hands and ears amputated
Population decline in some areas
Leopold had to turn colony over to Belgian govt.
5-8 Million Victims (50% of Pop.)

18. Carving Up a Continent France took large part of North Africa
Cost French and Algerian lives
Britain had heavily populated areas.
“The sun never sets on the British Empire”
New Imperialism: Aggressive expansion by European nations from

19. Types of Colonial Rule
Direct Rule – European nations governed colonies at all levels
Indirect Rule – Traditional rulers were not replaced as long as they cooperated with European powers; much cheaper.

20. “The Colossus of Rhodes”
Cecil Rhodes
“The Colossus of Rhodes”

21. Struggle for South Africa
Migrating people
Zulu Tribe
Shaka; King of Zulu Nation
New weapons and war technology

22. The Boer War
Boers, Dutch farmers, moved north due to resentment of British
Found gold and diamonds in the Boer Republics
British wanted to control area
1899 – 1902; British won, heavy casualties.
Raw Diamonds

23. Boer War
The British
The Boers

24. African Resistance Met across the continent Algeria = France
Successful Resistance
Ethiopia
Christian Kingdom in East Africa
Menelik II; Leader
“Westernized” civilization
Ready when Italy tried to invade in 1896
Ethiopia and Liberia only nations to maintain independence.

25. Why Did Europe Succeed?
Tribal Wars in West Africa and decline of empires weakened older civilizations.
2 Inventions
1. Medicine to cure disease (malaria, yellow fever)
2. “Whatever happens, we have got…the Maxim gun, and they have not.”

26. Impacts Positive Western educated African elite emerged
Admired West, rejected own culture
By 1900s, African leaders forged nationalist movements to pursue independence.
Normally the elite.

27. Effects Positve Roads, railroads, better transportation Education
Medical Care
New agriculture methods
Local warfare among Africans ended

28. Effects Negative Europeans rejected African Tradition
African rejected traditional rulers
Close-knit villages split up due to displacement of work
Negative view on African tradition.

29. Changes in Africa Cash Crop plantations set up
Europeans introduced money economy instead of trade
Cash Crops instead of subsistence farming

30. Colonial Legacy Europeans left behind anti-colonialism legacy
Did not prepare Africans for independence
Few experienced leaders
Boundaries were artificial creations.

31. Colonization