1. MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS & THE ROAD AHEAD
Dr. Manpreet Singh
UNICEF

2. WHAT ARE THE MDGs?

3. WHY THEY DO MATTER? GOALS: 8 TARGETS: 18 INDICATORS: 60
Poverty has many elements
Income –whether you have enough to buy the essentials
Quality of life –health, education
Opportunities –for ourselves and our children
Distinct, but interconnected
Smart investments
Benefits both now and over long time periods
Break inter-generational transmission of poverty
Build resilience
Enhance peace and security

4. CONTEXT
2000 – Member nations of the UN commit themselves to ending extreme poverty & hunger, promoting human well-being and protecting the environment
MDGs - A set of 8 goals, 18 targets & more than 40 indicators agreed to be met by 2015.
2007 – Mid-point for the achievement of the MDGs; Civil Society actions across the world to remind governments of their promise to end Poverty & Social Exclusion

5. WHAT IS SPECIAL ABOUT MDGS (commitment of leaders of 189 countries)
Partnership for development
Governments, Private Sector, Civil Society, Faith-Based Groups, Non-profits, Citizens…and YOU
Official Development Assistance (ODA)
Trade
Technology
Goals have targets that can be measured and monitored
1990 benchmarks: taken as base year
Global –but also local
Countries –and provinces –adopt and adapt to suit

6. WHAT HAPPENED SINCE 2000?
Periods of strong economic growth uneven across countries and regions; and over time
But growth alone is not enough
Done right, it speeds up reduction in income poverty
Provides resources for the other goals –ODA and domestic

7. What happened since 2000? Global and regional shocks Food Prices
Global and regional differences
Financial crisis
HIV/AIDS (earlier)
Early impacts of climate change Natural disasters
Prolonged droughts

8. SOME IMPRESSIVE GAINS…
World on track for halving poverty by 2015 (with a 1990 benchmark): 120 million people out of poverty between 2000 and 2005, or 2.4 per cent annual drop
Between 2000 and 2005: 2 million lives saved through reduced child mortality
30 million additional 6-12 year children going to school
30 million additional families having access to drinking water
Boys and girls in equal numbers in primary school

9. PROGRESS, BUT AT DIFFERENT RATES

10. AVERAGES CAN MASK REALITY

11. ACCELERATING TO 2015… Climate change adds urgency
MDGs improve resilience and adaptation
Climate change will make it harder to escape poverty
Knowledge helps focus acceleration efforts

12. MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS INDIA COUNTRY REPORT 2009

13. INDIA CONTEXT
REPORTS on………… GOALS: 8 TARGETS: 12 (time bound) INDICATORS: 48

14. GOAL 1: ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER
TARGET 1: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day.
Indicator 1A: Poverty Head count Ratio (Percentage of Population below the national poverty line)
Indicator 2: Poverty Gap Ratio.
Indicator 3: Share of Poorest Quintile in National Consumption.
Indicator 4: Prevalence of underweight children under three years of age

15. Progress on Goal 1 Incidence of poverty declined to 27.5% in 04-05
AP, Karnataka, Punjab and Rajasthan on track
Bihar, Delhi, Haryana, Maharashtra, Orissa, UP are on slow track
States of Assam, Goa, Gujarat, HP, J&K, Kerala, TN and other s, mall states are on fast track
Urban rural gap of 5 % points will persist

16. Target 2 : Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger
Going by the present pace of change, India is likely to have 40.23% children below 3 years underweight in 2015 against target of 26.8%
J&K, Punjab and TN will be early achiever
AP, HP, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Manipur Mizoram and Tripura are on track

17. Goal 2:Achieve universal primary education
Target 3: Ensure that , by 15, children everywhere, boy’s and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary education
Progress:
Country is likely to achieve 100% NER well before 2015 however survivor rate at primary level has declined to 72% in 07-08
Country is likely to attain 100% youth literacy by 13-14

18. Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women
Target4: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education preferably by 2005 and in all levels of education by 2015
Progress:
Target of gender parity in primary education has not been achieved ; GPI was .88 in 06-07
Secondary level GPI was .82 and tertiary level GPI was .69 in 06-07
The trends suggest that India will attain gender parity by 2015

19. Cont…
Share of women in wage employment in non-agriculture sector: it is likely to reach 24% by 2015
Percentage of lady parliamentarians fluctuates between 8-12%; in current Lok Sabha there are 59 (10.8%) women members out of 545 and 21 women members in Rajya Sabha out of 234

20. Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality
Target 5: Reduce by two thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under five mortality rate
Progress:
India is likely fall short by 28 % points of targeted under five mortality rate of 42% by 2015.
U5MR is higher than national average in Assam, Bihar, MP, Orissa, Rajasthan, UP both for rural , urban and boys and girls
Decline is more for boy child than girl child

21. Cont..
IMR: the target is to reduce IMR to 26.7 by 2015 and it is unlikely to be achieved
IMR is consistently higher for girls than boys in India ; However girls have reported greater decline in IMR in last two decades. The existing gender gap in IMR is likely to persist in India.
Rural Urban in IMR is quite substantial- gap of 22% points in However decline in rural areas was more than in urban areas
At current trends rural IMR will be 51 and Urban 30

22. Cont… Rural urban gender gap is very pronounced
Only Arunachal Pradesh and Manipur are on fast track
Measles Immunization is likely fall short by 3% points by 2015 of the target of universal coverage However 17 states are likely to achieve this target.
Rural urban gap in measles coverage is high in Rajasthan, MP, Chhattisgarh with more than 20% points

23. Goal 5: Improved Maternal health
Target5: Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio
Progress:
Rate of decline in MMR has increased between and however India will fall short by 26 points to achieve target of 109 MMR by 2015
Kerala, and West Bengal will achieve MGD 5

24. Cont… The progress in some states had been inconsistent
States of UP, Rajasthan, MP Karnataka are likely to fall short by points
Proportion of deliveries attended by SBA: only states of AP, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Punjab, Sikkim and TN will achieve universal coverage
All other states the rural urban gap in SBA remain significant

25. Cont…
Institutional Delver: coverage of institutional deliveries has increased from 26% in 1992 to 47 % in
Only three states- Goa, Kerala and TN have near 90% coverage
Number of states with less than 20% coverage has come down from 7 to 4 in

26. Goal 6: combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and TB
Target 7: Have halted by 2015 and began to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS
HIV prevalence: Adult HIV prevalence in India was 0.34% in it is high in high risk population.
Prevalence among Males is 0.44% and among females 0.23%
Prevalence has stabilized over last few years

27. Cont…
Target 8: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major disease
Prevalence of malaria and mortality due to it: Incidence of Malaria has declined from 1.74 % in 2005 to 1.52% in 2009 while the percentage of death of malaria has not declined
Prevalence of TB and mortality due to it: the incidence has declined from 586 cases in 90 to 283/ in 2007 and mortality has declined to 26 per case.

28. Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability
Target 9: Integrate the principals of sustainable development in to country policies and programmes and reverse the loss of environmental resources
Progress:
The forest cover has increased from 20.99% in 2005 to 21.02% in 2007
The country is on track in increasing the protection network for arresting the bio-diversity losses and maintaining ecological balance

29. Cont….
CO2 emission:CO2 emission per-capita in India are still low as compared to developed countries
Efficient energy use:

30. Cont..
Target10: Halve, by 2015 the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation:
Progress:
Access to improved drinking water: India is on track and will achieve this target by 2015 based on the trends indicated by DLHS survey with rural households likely to reach 99 %

31. Cont..
Access to improved sanitation facilities: India is likely to miss this target by 8% points as proportion of households with no sanitation facilities have declined from 70% in 1992 to 51 % in and at this rate of decline India will reach at 46% mark. Rural urban difference will remain by 2015

32. Cont..
Target 11: by 2020, to have achieved, a significant improvement in lives of at least 100 million slum dweller
Progress:
The share of slum population is 23.1 % as per 2001 census. Comparative figures for any other period are not available to assess any progression in this situation

33. Goal 8: Develop Global partnership for Development
Target 12: In cooperation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communication
Progress:
Overall tele-density has increased remarkably from 0.67% in 1991 to 36.98% in 2009 with rural tele-density of % to 88.84% in urban area

34. MDG Attainment in the Poor States of India
The poorest states in India (e.g., Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Orissa, and Madhya Pradesh):
are among the most populous in the country, and
have among the worst MD indicators.
Owing to more rapid population growth, these states will account for an even larger share of India’s population in 2015.
Therefore, India’s attainment of MDGs will largely depend on the performance of these states.

35. Challenges Wide Regional disparity High rates of under nutrition
Poor health indicators particularly for women, girls and members of low-caste and tribal population
Large number of children out of school
Low per capita expenditure on health, high out of pocket expenditure
Inefficient and ineffective primary health care system coupled with largely unregulated private sector
Epidemiological transition from burden of communicable to non- communicable diseases
Challenges posed by rapid urbanization, aging population
Gender disparity reflected in health , education employment and social indicators

36. Way forward
More investment in health sector strengthen primary health case system an public health
Addressing challenges of quality of education with increasing quantity
More investment on strengthening infrastructure-roads, transport, electricity, energy, water sanitation environment management, agriculture
Better urban management
Improvement in service delivery and increasing accountability
Targeting underprivileged populations and addressing regional disparities

37. References
1. Indian Millennium Development Goals MDGS - India Country Report
2. February 13, 2006 : India releases the first Millennium Development Goals report.
3. Millenium development goals: INDIA Country report
4. Millennium Development Goals: A Preview of the Progress Status in India
5. MDGs overview:
6. End poverty 2015 millennium campaign: INDIA AND THE MDGS:
7. Attaining the Millennium Development Goals in India: How Likely & What Will It Take? siteresources.worldbank.org/INTINDIA/.../IndiaMDG_ADeolalikar.ppt
8. One world south asia: India's MDG status critical (30 June 2010)
9. The economic times Sept 18, 2010: India confident about achieving MDGs by deadline
10. Report "A Fair Chance at Life" by “Save the Children“

38. “Chance favors the prepared mind”
………… Louis Pasteur
“You cannot step in the same river twice”
………… Heraclitus
“When those with authority lack motivation than those with motivation must exercise authority”
………… unknown author

39. Thanks