1. Biosynthesis of Amino Acids

2. Overview

3. Overview (cont)

4. Biosynthetic Families
Metabolic Precursors Amino Acids
a-ketoglutarate Glutamate
Glutamine
Proline
Arginine
3-Phophoglycerate Serine
Glycine
Cysteine

5. Biosynthetic Families (cont)
Metabolic Precursors Amino Acids
Oxaloacetate Aspartate, Asparagine
Methionine, Threonine,
Lysine
Pyruvate Alanine, Valine, Leucine
Isoleucine

6. Biosynthetic Families (cont)
Metabolic Precursors Amino Acids
Phosphoenolpyruvate Tryptophan
and erythrose 4-phosphate Phenlyalanine
Tyrosine
Ribose 5-phophate Histidine

7. a-Ketoglutarate Family

8. a-Ketoglutamate to glutamate/glutamine
Glutamate + NH4+ + ATP
Glutamine synthetase
Glutamine + ADP + Pi + H+
a-Ketoglutamate + glutamine + NADPH + H+
2 glutamate + NADP+
Glutamate synthase

9. a-Ketoglutamate to glutamate/glutamine
Net Reaction:
a-Ketoglutarate + NH4+ + NADPH + ATP
L-glutamate + NADP+ + ADP + Pi

10. a-Ketoglutarate Family

11. Synthesis of Proline

12. Synthesis of Proline

13. Synthesis of Arginine

14. Synthesis of Arginine

15. 3-Phosphoglycerate Family

16. Synthesis of Serine and Glycine

17. Synthesis of Cysteine

18. Oxoloacetate Family

19. Synthesis of Aspartate and Asparagine
Oxaloacetate
Transamination from
glutamate
Amidation with
Glutamine donating
NH4+
Asparagine

20. Synthesis of Lysine, Methionine, and Threonine
See handout

21. Pyruvate Family

22. Synthesis of Alanine
Alanine
Pyruvate
Transamination from
glutamate

23. Synthesis of Isoleucine, Valine,and Leucine
See handout

24. Phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose 4-phosphate Family

25. Synthesis of Chorismate

26. Synthesis of Tryptophan

27. Synthesis of Tyrosine and Phenylalanine

28. Synthesis of Tyrosine and Phenylalanine (cont)

29. Biosynthesis of Histidine
See handout

30. Possible Test Questions
Provide the 6 metabolic precursors and the amino acids which they lead to.
Duplicate the Amino Acid Synthesis Overview Flow Chart. Expand the sections need to show the synthesis of Glutamate, Glutamine, Proline, Arginine, Serine, Cysteine, Glycine, and starting from Chorismate Tryptophan, Tyrosine and Phenylalanine. (40 points!!)