1. James A. Senn’s Information Technology, 3rd Edition
Chapter 7
Enterprise Databases and Data Warehouses
Senn, Information Technology, 3rd Edition
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall

2. Objectives
Identify the reasons organizations choose to share databases and the functions of a database management system.
Explain the difference between relational and object-oriented databases and their uses in business.
Describe the differences between schemas, views, and indexes.
Senn, Information Technology, 3rd Edition
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3. Objectives (Continued)
Discuss the benefits of client/server computing.
Differentiate between shared and distributed databases.
Explain why enterprises establish data warehouses and how they differ from data marts and enterprise databases.
Senn, Information Technology, 3rd Edition
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4. Objectives (Continued)
Distinguish between a database administrator and a system programmer.
Discuss database administration procedures and concurrency procedures and explain why these are an essential part of a shared database system.
Senn, Information Technology, 3rd Edition
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5. The Principles of Data Sharing Definition
Database: A collection of data and information describing items of interest to an organization.
Entity: A person, place, thing, event or condition about which data and information are collected.
Enterprise Database: A collection of data designed to be shared by many users within an organization.
Senn, Information Technology, 3rd Edition
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6. The Principles of Data Sharing Definition (Continued)
Senn, Information Technology, 3rd Edition
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7. The Principles of Data Sharing Database Management Systems
Database Management Systems (DBMS): A program that makes it possible for users to manage the data in a database in order to increase accessibility and productivity.
The Functions of Database Management:
Integrating Databases
Reducing Redundancy
Sharing Information
Maintaining Integrity
Enabling Database Evolution
Senn, Information Technology, 3rd Edition
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8. The Principles of Data Sharing Database Management Systems (Continued)
Senn, Information Technology, 3rd Edition
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9. Enterprise Database Structures Enterprise Data Model
Enterprise Data Model/Entity Relationship: A graphical representation of the items (the entities) of interest about which data is captured and stored in the database.
Senn, Information Technology, 3rd Edition
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10. Enterprise Database Structures Enterprise Data Model (Continued)
Senn, Information Technology, 3rd Edition
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11. Enterprise Database Structures Schema
Schema: The structure of a database.
Schema for Relational Database
Relational Database: A database in which the data are structured in a table format consisting of rows and columns.
Senn, Information Technology, 3rd Edition
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12. Enterprise Database Structures Schema (Continued)
Senn, Information Technology, 3rd Edition
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13. Enterprise Database Structures Schema (Continued)
Schema for Object-Oriented Database
Object-oriented Database: A database that stores data and information about objects.
Object: A component that contains data about itself and how it is to be processed.
Action/Method: An instruction that tells a database how to process an object to produce specific information.
Senn, Information Technology, 3rd Edition
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14. Enterprise Database Structures Schema (Continued)
Senn, Information Technology, 3rd Edition
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15. Enterprise Database Structures Views
View: A subset of one or more databases, created either by extracting copies of records from a database or by merging copies of records from multiple databases.
Senn, Information Technology, 3rd Edition
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16. Enterprise Database Structures Views (Continued)
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17. Enterprise Database Structures Indexes
Index: A data file that contains identifying information about each record and its location in storage.
Record Key: In a database, a designated field used to distinguish one record from another.
Senn, Information Technology, 3rd Edition
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18. Enterprise Database Structures Indexes (Continued)
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19. Client/Server Computing Definition
File Server: A computer containing files that are available to all users interconnected on a local area network.
Client/Server Computing: A type of computing in which all data and information retrieval requests and responses pass over a network. Much of the processing is performed on the server and the results of the processing are transmitted to the client.
Senn, Information Technology, 3rd Edition
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall

20. Client/Server Computing Definition (Continued)
Senn, Information Technology, 3rd Edition
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21. Client/Server Computing Definition
Senn, Information Technology, 3rd Edition
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22. Client/Server Computing Definition (Continued)
Client: In client-server computing, a desktop workstation.
Server: A computer that hosts a network and provides the resources that are shared on the network.
Senn, Information Technology, 3rd Edition
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23. Client/Server Computing The Benefits of Client/Server Computing
Senn, Information Technology, 3rd Edition
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24. Databases on the Internet Definition
Web-based Integration: Makes data from enterprise databases available to users connecting through the Internet (including enterprise intranets and extranets).
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25. Databases on the Internet Definition (Continued)
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26. Distributed Databases Definition
Shared Database: A database shared among many users and applications.
Distributed Database: A database that resides in more than one system in a distributed network. Each component of the database can be retrieved from any node in the network.
Senn, Information Technology, 3rd Edition
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27. Distributed Databases Partitioning and Replication
Partitioning: A method of database distribution in which different portions of the database reside at different nodes in the network.
Replication: A method of database distribution in which one database contains data that are included in another database.
Senn, Information Technology, 3rd Edition
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28. Distributed Databases Distribution Strategies
Geographic Distribution Strategy: A database distribution strategy in which the database is located in a region where the data and information are used most frequently.
Functional Distribution Strategy: A database distribution strategy in which the database is distributed according to business functions.
Senn, Information Technology, 3rd Edition
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29. Distributed Databases Designed a Distributed Database
Database Directory: The component of a shared database that keeps track of data and information.
Other Design Factors
Storage Costs
Processing Costs
Communication Costs
Retrieval and Processing
Reliability
Frequency of Updates and Queries
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30. Distributed Databases Designed a Distributed Database (Continued)
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31. Data Warehouses and OLAP Definition
Online Analytical Processing (OLAP): Database processing that selectively extracts data from different points of view.
Data Warehouse: A large data store, designed from inquiries, that combines details of both current and historical operations, usually drawn from a number of sources.
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32. Data Warehouses and OLAP Comparison of Enterprise Databases and Data Warehouses
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33. Data Warehouses and OLAP Data Warehouse
Senn, Information Technology, 3rd Edition
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34. Data Warehouses and OLAP Definition
Data Mining: Uses software designed to detect information hidden in the data.
Data Marts: Processed to focus on a specific area of activities or isolated scientific or commercial processes.
Senn, Information Technology, 3rd Edition
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35. People Definition
Database Administrator (DBA): The IT professional responsible for managing all the activities and procedures related to an organization’s database.
Systems Programmer
Senn, Information Technology, 3rd Edition
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36. Procedures Database Administration Procedures
Database Administration Procedures: The procedures associated with managing a database.
Database Planning
Database Design
Database Creation
Database Maintenance
Analysis of Usage
Creation and Monitoring of Security Procedures
Senn, Information Technology, 3rd Edition
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37. Procedures Concurrency Procedures
Concurrent Data Sharing: A database procedure that allows several users to access the database simultaneously.
Nonconcurrent Data Sharing: A database procedure that allows individuals to access a database only when no other person or application is processing the data.
Senn, Information Technology, 3rd Edition
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38. Procedures Concurrency Procedures (Continued)
Record Locking: A concurrency procedure that prohibits another user from accessing or altering a records that is in use.
File Locking: Used in systems that store unstructured information and have file-level sharing.
Deadlock: A situation in which each user of a database is waiting for the others to unlock a record.
Senn, Information Technology, 3rd Edition
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall