1. World War I “The War to End All Wars”, a.k.a: “The Big One”

2. 2. Sources of Nationalistic Competition
Rise of Nationalism- A deep devotion and pride to one’s country. Prior to WWI there was great nationalistic competition between Germany, Austria-Hungary, Great Britain, Russia, Italy and France.
2. Sources of Nationalistic Competition
Access to Resources for Industry
Territories such as the Alsace-Lorraine
Domination of the Balkans and Independence Movements
Provide a SPECIFIC EXAMPLE of Nationalism you’ve observe
In your lifetime.

3. Triple Entente- Britain, France and Russia.
Growth of Militarism- The growth of standing armies and munitions stockpiles. Militarism is also linked to nationalism.
Tangled Alliances- Complex mutual aid and cooperation agreements between European Countries, including…
Triple Alliance- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy. Built in opposition to France.
Triple Entente- Britain, France and Russia.
Smaller Countries joined the alliances of the countries they were friendly with or dominated by.
Describe how MILITARISM can represent NATIONALISM.
How can militarism represent national pride?

4. 5. Major Players in Europe prior to WWI
Wow…do you see any similarities between these guys?
Tsar Nicolas II of
Russia
Kaiser Wilhelm II of
Germany
King George V of
Great Britain
Describe the relationship between these three people. What
Are the “links” that they share with each other?

5. Small Countries in Big Alliances- Almost 100 countries were involved in World War I, mainly as a result of the alliances. There were many cultural, territorial and other reasons for these alliances.
Balkan Countries- Bosnia, Serbia, Croatia. All three were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. All three had active independence movements.
Serbia was especially close to Russia, particularly in regard to religion and culture.
The small countries in World War I mainly followed the larger
countries whose ______________ they belonged to into the war.

7. Led by a Sultan or Caliph
The Ottoman Empire- An empire centered in Turkey that existed for hundreds of years. Islamic and Arabic based.
Led by a Sultan or Caliph
Saw similar interests with German and Austro-Hungarian empires.
Provide a specific reason why the Ottoman Empire would
Have similar interests with other empires. What made that
Relationship different from the British or Russian empires?

8. Assassination in Sarajevo
A member of the Black Hand, Gavrilo Princip,(Serbian liberation organization) shot and killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie on June 28, 1914.
Provide a more modern example of terrorism and it’s intended
goal to accomplish as a result.

9. Fallout from the Assassination Austria Hungary declares war on Serbia
Russia goes to Serbia’s defense
Germany attacks France via Belgium, in part suggesting French complicity
Tangling alliances force European countries into sides, and war.
Germany soon declares war on France, Belgium, Russia and England when it comes to Belgium and France’s defense.
How did the Alliances make war inevitable? Could anything
Have been done to avoid war?

10. 10. The Schlieffen Plan- A longstanding plan designed to defeat France quickly and then transfer forces to fight Russia in the East.
Which country would Germany need to invade or get permission
to pass through in order to attack France? If it was your country,
would you give that permission?

11. Failure of the Schlieffen Plan
When Belgium refused German passage across their country, Germany attacked and Great Britain came to their defense.
After initial success, Germans were on the outskirts of Paris by September 3rd.
Allies counterattacked on September 5th in the Marne River Valley, causing the Germans to retreat 60 miles.
Stalemate began and existed on the Western Front for the remainder of the war.
Define and describe STALEMATE

13. Eastern Front/ War with Russia
Involved conflict between Russia and Serbians on one side versus Germans, Austrians and Turks (Ottoman Empire)
After initial success by the Russians, the Central Powers counter-attacked and drove the Russians back nearly to where they started.
Very bloody fighting…the Russians lost millions due to their participation in the war.
What is the similarity with the opening battles on the
Western and Eastern fronts?

15. 13. Total War- A conflict in which participating
Total War- A conflict in which participating countries contribute all of their resources to the war effort. Also, a conflict in which there are no “off limits” targets. Many innocent lives are lost during Total War.

16. 14. Trench Warfare- A form of warfare where opposing armies fight from trenches dug in the battlefield. During WW1, trenches were filthy, wet and vermin infested.

18. 15. Russia’s War Effort Weakens- By 1916 Russia was not able to maintain their fighting on the Eastern Front because…
Could not provide needed supplies
Mostly surrounded by enemies
Civil unrest at home…food riots, protests, desire to change government
Driven back into Russian territory by Central Powers

19. 16. Global Conflict- Despite the majority of fighting going on in Europe, conflict also over imperial/colonial possessions around the World…
Africa
Southeast Asia
Middle East

20. 17. United States Enters the War- by 1917 the United States was supporting and supplying the Allies in Europe. The Germans were not happy with that!
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
Zimmerman Note- Mexico to be given back land lost to U.S. if they side with Germany in war.

21. On April 2, 1917 The United States declares war on The
Central Powers.
18. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk- Ended war between Russia and
the Central Powers in March Negotiated by Lenin
and the new Communist government in Russia. This
eliminated the Eastern Front of the war.
19. Second Battle of the Marne- The Germans now moved all of their troops to the Western Front. After a mammoth bombardment (biggest of the war), the Germans advanced to the outskirts of Paris. They were exhausted and depleted. With American help, Allies drove them back. This was the last major effort of the war.

22. 20. World War I Ends- The Allies drove back the defeated
Germans. As the Germans withdrew, the Ottoman Empire
collapsed and the Austrian-Hungarian Empire fell apart
due to a revolution.
Kaiser Wilhelm II steps down as ruler of Germany on
November 9, 1918.
Armistice Day- November 11, 1918
Treaty of Versailles- June 28, 1919
Peace terms were dictated to the Central Powers, not
negotiated. Huge money payments and surrender of land
by the Germans. The peace agreement led to many years
of impoverishment and animosity of the Germans.

23. Create a League of Nations
14 Points- Woodrow Wilson’s plan for peace in Europe after WWI. Some ideas…
Let Germany rebuild
Create a League of Nations
It was not accepted by the French or British, and was not adopted into the Treaty of Versailles.

32. M.A.I.N
Militarism- Growth of standing armies and munitions stockpiles. Related to nationalistic competition.
Alliances- Complex mutual aid and cooperation agreements between countries.
Imperialism-The policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies.
Nationalism- A deep devotion and pride to one’s country.