1. World War I Notes

2. Causes of WWI – MANIA!
Militarism - policy of building up a strong military to prepare for war
Alliances – agreements between nations to provide aid and protect one another
Nationalism – extreme pride in one’s country
Imperialism – when one country takes over another country economically and politically.
Assassination – of Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand

3. 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures
Militarism
Increase in Defense Expenditures
France
10%
Britain
13%
Russia
39%
Germany
73%

4. Alliances
Triple Alliance
Triple Entente

8. Nationalism
Wars of the 19th century leaves much of Europe in shambles.
Italy unifies in 1861
Germany unifies in 1871
France loses a piece of land known as Alsace-Lorriane to Germany and would like it back.
Austria-Hungary and the Balkans are composed of many different national groups, one being Slavism (Serbia) whish always had support from Russia.

9. Imperialism
Great Britain, Germany and France needed foreign markets after the increase in manufacturing caused by the Industrial Revolution.

10. European Conquest of Africa

12. The “Spark”

13. Assassination
Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie at Sarajevo, Bosnia, on June 28th, 1914.

15. Bosnian Crisis of 1908 Another conflict was incited by the Austria-Hungarian annexation of the former Turkish province of Bosnia in The Greater Serbian movement had as an object the acquisition of Slavic Bosnia, so Serbia threatened war on Austria-Hungary. Russia had pledged their support to Serbia, so they began to mobilize, which caused Germany, allied with Austria-Hungary, to threaten war on Russia. The beginning of World War I was postponed when Russia backed down, but relations between Austria- Hungary and Serbia were greatly strained.

16. “Europe today is a powder keg and the leaders are like men smoking in an arsenal…A single spark will set off an explosion that will consume us all…I cannot tell you when that explosion will occur, but I can tell you where…Some damned foolish thing in the Balkans will set it off.”
Otto von Bismarck, 1890s

17. Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed in Bosnia by a Serbian nationalist group called the Black Hand who believed that Bosnia should belong to Serbia.

18. Domino Effect
Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on Serbia.
Germany pledged their support for Austria -Hungary.
Russia pledged their support for Serbia.

19. Domino Effect Germany declares war on Russia.
France pledges their support for Russia.
Germany declares war on France.
Germany invades Belgium on the way to France.
Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany.

20. Allied Powers
Central Powers
World War I

21. Why was WWI a Stalemate? What’s a stalemate?
Neither side can make a move to win.
Machine gun. How did this change war? How was it fought before?
Trench Warfare = “solution”.
Millions die without gaining ground.

25. What new weapons were used in WWI?
Machine gun
Poison gas
Submarine
Airplane
Tank
Why these weapons? Why now?
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION!!

32. What were the results? Germany surrendered.
Allies impose Treaty of Versailles.
Declares Germany guilty for war.
Germany must pay reparations to Allies.
This sets the stage for WWII!
League of Nations formed to try to prevent war in the future.

33. Casualties? Total troops mobilized by all countries in WW1 65,038,810
Total troops dead from all countries in WW1 8,556,315
Total troops wounded from all countries in WW1 21,219,452
Total missing or POWs 7,750,945