1. Original Source: Ms. Susan Pojer
World War I
Chapter 13
Original Source: Ms. Susan Pojer

2. WWI Map Maps Label the following: Ottoman Empire
Create a color/symbol key:
Norway
United Kingdom
Sweden
Persia
Allied powers
Central powers
Russia
Baltic Sea
Neutral
Germany
Black sea
Maps
Austria-Hungary
North Sea
France
Atlantic Ocean
Pg. 409
Spain
Mediterranean Sea
Pg. 412
Italy
Create a number key for the Following :
Pg. 426
Serbia
Netherlands
Romania
Luxemburg
Greece
Bulgaria
Belgium
Montenegro
Africa
Albania
Arabia

3. Causes of WWI
M- Militarism A- secret Alliances I- Imperialism N- Nationalism

4. Militarism
Militarism- the development of armed forces and their use as a tool of diplomacy
Each nation wanted stronger armed forces than those of a potential enemy.
By 1890 Germany had the strongest army.
When Germany began to build up its navy that is when Britain and other European nations started to build up their navies.

5. 2 major defense Alliance systems in Europe
Two Armed Camps!
2 major defense Alliance systems in Europe
Allied Powers:
Central Powers:

6. Victor Emmanuel II [It]
The Major Players:
Allied Powers:
Central Powers:
Nicholas II [Rus]
Wilhelm II [Ger]
George V [Br]
Victor Emmanuel II [It]
Enver Pasha [Turkey]
Pres. Poincare [Fr]
Franz Josef [A-H]

7. Europe

8. Imperialism European nations had been building empires
The colonies supplied their mother countries with raw materials and were markets for manufactured goods.
Newly unified countries such as Germany and Italy wanted to get in the imperial race.

9. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

10. Nationalism
Nation- refers to a group of people who share a common language, religion, history and tradition.
Nationalism- devotion to the interests and culture of one’s nation
Not all nations had states; many were included in empires (nations will want their own states)
Nationalism spurred competitions amongst states= everybody (nation) wants to be 1!

11. Aggressive Nationalism

12. Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914
Look at the different ‘nations’ with the countries.
Referred to as the “Powder Keg” of Europe.

13. The SPARK that set of World War I
June 1914 Archduke Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne, visited Bosnian capital Sarajevo
Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip assassinated Archduke Ferdinand and his wife Sophie.
This set off a fire storm with in the alliance system!!!! One by one each nation was pulled into the conflict.

14. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

15. The Assassination: Sarajevo

16. The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip
He was a member of the black Hand- an organization promoting Serbian nationalism.

17. How each country was brought into war through the alliance system:1.
Declares war on
Serbia– who is backed by Russia
Austria-Hungary 2.
Germany (allied with A-H)
Declares war on 3.
France (allied with Russia) 4. 6.
Then, Germany invades Belgium leading to…. 5.
Great Britain declares war Germany and A-H

18. Fighting begins Schlieffen Plan
Germany invaded Belgium using this strategy
Plan called for the Germans to hold Russia, quickly march through Belgium to get to France and once France was defeated the 2 German armies would attack Russia

19. German Atrocities in Belgium

20. Trench Warfare Trench warfare
Military operations where opposing forces attack from fortified ditches
Battle for mere yards of ground
No Man’s land- barren expanse of mud filled with barbed wire and shell craters
2 parallel systems of deep, rat infested trenches

21. Trench Warfare

22. Trench Warfare
“No Man’s Land”

23. U-Boats
** unrestricted submarine warfare**

24. Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

25. The Sinking of the Lusitania

26. The Zimmerman Telegram

27. America Joins the Allies
Because Germany resumed its use of unrestricted warfare and Wilson’s desire for a just peace, US declared war on Germany in April 1917.

28. Americans in the Trenches
American expeditionary Forces affected the course of war by deflecting the last push of Germans on the western front in France!

29. Propaganda
Propaganda- designed to influence people’s thoughts and actions
Characterized the Germans as Huns and resulted in discrimination against Americans of German descent

30. Raising an Army

31. Posters

32. War Is HELL !!

33. Sacrifices in War

34. New Weapons

35. The Armistice is Signed!
11 a.m., November 11, 1918
The Armistice is Signed!

36. 22,000,000 Dead

37. The Somme American Cemetary, France
116,516 Americans Died

38. Wilson’s Plan for Peace “make the world safe for democracy”
Fourteen points
No Secret treaties
Freedom of the Seas
Free Trade
Arms (weapons) reduced
Colonial powers should represent colonies
League of Nations
International organization to address diplomatic crises
Goal was to prevent war

39. Treaty of Versailles
Problem: Allies were determined to protect their own national interest
Treaty of Versailles:
Established new nations (did not accommodate all the ethnic diversity in Europe= people in countries will struggle for their own nation to be formed)
Imposed a war guilt clause- Germany had to accept full responsibility for starting WWI
War reparations (war damages) on Germany
These actions laid the basis for the next war!!!
US failed to ratify the treaty of Versailles and did not join the league of Nations
(Remember- Congress must approve the ratification of treaties it is a part of the checks and balances)

40. Treaty of Versailles

41. War at Home

42. Mobilization on the Home front
“Work or Fight”
US economy booms in response to the war
Wages on the rise meaning people are making more $$= spending more $$
US tried to help produce and conserve food—grew Victory gardens
Paying for the War
Rise in taxes
Selling government bonds

43. WWI encourages Social Changes…continued
Women
Women moved into jobs that had been exclusively held by men
Women gained the right to vote from the 19th amendment—ratified in 1920
Equal work did NOT mean equal pay

44. 1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies
50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died

45. Legacy of WWI
Accelerated America’s emergence as the world’s greatest industrial power
Strengthened US military and power of government
Accelerated social change for African Americans and women in the US
Intensified anti-immigration and anti-radical sentiments amongst mainstream Americans
Unsettled disputes in Europe
Political instability and violence in Europe