1. Unité 1
La grammaire d’Unité 1

2. Les accents l‘accent aigu – é: makes an “ay” sound.
l‘accent grave – è: makes an “euh” sound. Also seen as ù / à to distinguish between words.
l‘accent circonflexe – ^: this can occur over any vowel (â / ê / î / ô / û).
le tréma – ‘’: this shows that two vowels are pronounced seperately (ë / ï / ü).
la cédille - ç: is used under a c before an a, o, u to turn the c into an s sound.

3. Les nationalités
You must make agreement between masculine and feminine, singular and plural.
Adjectives are learned in masc. sing. forms, from there you add “e” for the fem. sing. and “s” for the plural.
If there is already an “e” or “s” at the end of a nationality, then do not add another.

4. La politesse
Being polite is very important in France. You would address people older or those you don’t know with Bonjour Monsieur / Madame / Mademoiselle. Also, you would use the vous form when you address them.
With one’s friends you can be more informal, using Salut for hello and the tu form when you address them.

5. La politesse
When asking how someone is, there are different ways to ask:
- Comment allez-vous? (formal or plural)
- Comment vas-tu? (singular and informal)
- (Comment) Ça va? (informal, but may be
heard while the vous is used)

6. L’Usage des articles indéfinis
Indefinite articles are used when you are not talking about a specific item. In English we use a, an, or some while in French we use un, une, or des.
- un – used for masculine words
- une – used for feminine words
- des – used for plural words (no matter if they are masculine or feminine)

7. Des exemples a boy – un garçon a pen – un stylo a girl – une fille
a chair – une chaise
some gentlemen – des messieurs
some hamburgers – des hamburgers
some ladies – des mesdames
some pizzas – des pizzas

8. L’Usage des articles définis
Definite articles are used when you are talking about specific items. In English we use the while in French we use le, la, l’ or les.
- le – used for masculine singular words
- la – used for feminine singular words
- l’ – used for singular words that start with a vowel
- les – used for plural words (no matter if they are masculine or feminine)

9. Des exemples the boy – le garçon the pen – le stylo
the girl – la fille
the chair – la chaise
the computer – l’ordinateur
the gentlemen – les messieurs
the hamburgers – les hamburgers
the ladies – les mesdames
the pizzas – les pizzas

10. Souvenez que…
Remember that there is no way to know if a noun is masculine or feminine. You just have to memorize the article along with the noun.
Remember also that if a noun begins with a vowel, you will need to link the article with the first letter of the noun. Whether it is with an l’, un, une, des, les.

11. L’usage
Possessive adjective - describes that someone owns/has a relation to an object/being.
Steps to finding correct possessive adjective:
1st: find who is owning the item
2nd: is object masculine or feminine?
singular or plural?

12. Les adjectifs possessifs
Here are the possessive adjectives for each of the singular “owners”:
subject masculine feminine plural
pronoun
je mon ma mes
tu ton ta tes
il/elle/on son sa ses

13. Les adjectifs possessifs
Here are the possessive adjectives for each of the plural “owners”:
subject singular plural
pronoun
nous notre nos
vous votre vos
ils/elles leur leurs