1. Session 4 Safety

2. Why Safety? Why is safety important? Why bother with it?
Isn’t it just another government or company program?

3. About the Injuries
More than 2.2 million injuries were serious enough to require recuperation away from work or to restrict duties at work or both
1/4th involving days away from work resulted in 21 days or more away from work
A workplace death occurs about every hour and a half in the United States
Source: BLS 2004

4. A good health and safety program can reduce injuries...
In the U.S. an injury occurs about every 8.3 seconds
Resulting in
lost work time
medical treatment (other than 1st aid)
loss of consciousness
restriction of work or motion or
transfer to another job
Source: NSC 2004

5. Public Relations
Oil & Gas Isn't Just One Of The Richest Industries, It's Also One Of The Safest
CBS News
Oil & gas industry spills happen "all the time”

6. Source: BLS 2004

7. Summary of Accidents

8. A good health and safety program can save money...
The average direct cost of a lost time claim is over $28,000
OSHA "$AFETY PAYS" Program can calculate costs of injuries

9. A good health and safety program
Increase morale
Improve quality
Improve productivity
Provide compliance

10. A good health & safety program provides regulatory compliance
Compliance with regulatory standards alone does not qualify as a “good Safety and Health program”

11. Reasons to Make Safety Important
Responsibility to self
Responsibility to family
Responsibility to not endanger co-workers
Productivity and health of the company

12. Legislation In 1970, Congress considered these figures:
14,000 worker deaths
2.5 million workers disabled
300,000 new occupational disease cases

13. Public Law Enacted
Occupational Safety and Health Act signed by President Nixon on December 29th 1970
Effective April 29, 1971

14. Public Law 91-596 Occupational Safety and Health Act OSHA of 1970
34 sections
Amended
1990
1998
2001
2004

15. Purpose of the Act
". . . to assure so far as possible every working man and woman in the Nation safe and healthful working conditions and to preserve our human resources."

16. Three Agencies Established
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC)

17. OSHA’S Purpose Reduce workplace hazards;
Implement new or improve existing safety and health programs;
Provide for research in solving occupational safety and health problems

18. Purpose
Establish employer and employee responsibilities for safety and health conditions.
Build on employer/employee safety and health initiatives.
Focus on occupational health to prevent diseases occurring in the work environment.

19. OSHA’S Purpose
Establish training programs to increase the number and competence of occupational safety and health personnel;
Develop mandatory job safety and health standards and enforce them effectively;
Develop recordkeeping and reporting requirements;

20. OSHA’S Purpose
Provide for the development, analysis, evaluation and approval of state occupational safety and health programs.

21. Definitions
As defined by the Act, an employer is any "person engaged in a business affecting commerce who has employees, but does not include the United States or any State or political subdivision of a State."

22. OSHA Covers
Manufacturing
Construction
Longshoring
Agriculture

23. Not Covered Self-employed persons (incl. homeowners);
Farms on which only immediate members of the farm employer's family are employed;
Working conditions regulated by other federal agencies under other federal statutes.

24. Federal Agency Coverage-Examples
Federal Railroad Administration (FRA):
OSHA covers facilities
FRA covers tracks, trains, etc..
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA):
OSHA covers to the tarmac
FAA covers past the tarmac

25. Section 5 - Duties (a) Each employer -
(1) shall furnish to each of his employees employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees
(2) shall comply with occupational safety and health standards promulgated under this Act.
5(a)(1) Known as General Duty Clause

26. Section 5 - Duties
(b) Each employee shall comply with occupational safety and health standards and all rules, regulations, and orders issued pursuant to the Act which are applicable to his own actions and conduct.

27. Section 8 - Inspections, Investigations & Recordkeeping
8(a) OSHA representatives are authorized to:
(1) enter without delay
(2) inspect during regular working hours and at reasonable times and to question privately employers and employees
8(b) OSHA has subpoena power
8(c) OSHA requires recordkeeping
8(f) Employees right of complaint

28. Section 9 - Citations
9(a) If an employer violates Section 5 of Act or any standard, rule or order related to Section 6, a citation may be issued Each citation will:
Be in writing
Describe the particular violation
Set a reasonable abatement period
9(b) Posting of citations
9(c) Time limit - 6 months to issue citation

29. Section 10 - Enforcement 10(a) Employer’s right of contest
Citations can be contested up to the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC), an independent quasi-judicial branch of the Department of Labor
10(c) Employee’s right of contest of abatement dates

30. Section 11 - Judicial Review
11(a) Appeals & review of Commission order
11(c) Prohibits discrimination against employees filing complaints under OSHA, or for disclosing safety and health issues concerning the workplace

31. Section 17 - Penalties Penalties were increased in 1990
Willful & repeated violations to a maximum of $70,000
Minimum $5,000 willful
Serious & other than serious to $7,000
Failure to abate to a maximum of $7,000 for each day violation continues (up to 30 day max.)

32. Section 19* - Federal Agency Programs & Responsibilities
Federal agencies (exception: Post Office) are required to establish their own safety and health programs consistent with OSHA.
Require the use of safety equipment & PPE as necessary to protect employees
Keep accident and illness records
Establish rules consistent with OSHA
*Executive Order further defines the responsibilities of Federal Agencies.

33. Section 22 - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Establishes National Institute of Occupational Safety and HealthNIOSH as a part of CDC

34. Major Subparts in 29 CFR 1910 and 1926 for Oil and Gas Operations
Found in “Oil and Gas and Petrochemical: The Complete OSHA Guide”
1903, 1904, 1910, 1926
Interpretations and forms also included
Up-to-date version found on

35. Reading Standards 29 CFR 1910.110(b)(13)(ii)(b)(7)(iii)
29 United States Code Title
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
1910 Part - Part 1910 covers General Industry
110 Section Number (Section 110 falls under Subpart H; Hazardous Materials)

36. Oil and Gas OSHA General Industry 29 CFR 1910
Major Group 13 in the Standard Industrial Classifications (SIC)
1311 Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas
138 - Oil and gas field services
Drilling oil and gas wells
Oil and gas field exploration services
Oil and gas field services, not elsewhere classified
General Industry 29 CFR 1910

37. SIC 1381
primarily engaged in drilling wells for oil or gas field operations for others on a contract or fee basis, including
Directional drilling of oil and gas wells on a contract basis
Redrilling oil and gas wells on a contract basis
Reworking oil and gas wells on a contract basis
Spudding in oil and gas wells on a contract basis
Well drilling gas, oil, and water intake: on a contract basis

38. SIC 1382
establishments primarily engaged in performing geophysical, geological, and other exploration services for oil and gas on a contract or fee basis.
Aerial geophysical exploration, oil and gas field on a contract basis
Exploration, oil and gas field on a contract basis
Geological exploration, oil and gas field on a contract basis
Geophysical exploration, oil and gas field on a contract basis
Seismograph surveys, oil and gas field on a contract basis